LD 

633? 


UC-NRLP 


LIFE  AT  YALE 


PUBLISHED  BY   THE  ALTTMXI  ADVISORY    BOARD 

OF 
YALE   UNIVERSITY 


GIFT   OF 


LIFE  AT  YALE 


A  CORNER  OF  THE  OLD  COLLEGE  CAMPUS 


LIFE  AT  YALE 


Prepared  and  published  ill  compliance  with  a  vote  of  the  Alumni 
Advisory  Board  of  Yale  University  directing  "that  the  Alumni 
Advisory  Board  prepare  a  pamphlet  on  Yale  dealing  with  the  Uni- 
versity and  with  the  various  phases  of  Yale  life";  the  committee 
appointed  to  take  charge  of  this  work  consisting  of  Messrs. 
Edward  Hidden,  '85,  of  St.  Louis,  Mo.,  Chairman;  Robert  Watkin- 
son  Huntington,  Jr.,  '89,  of  Hartford,  Conn.;  Walter  Alden 
DeCamp,  '90,  of  Cincinnati,  Ohio. 


EDITED  BY  EDWIN  ROGERS  EMBREE,  '06,  ALUMNI  REGISTRAR 


PRINTED    BY 

YALE    UNIVERSITY    PRESS 
1912 


GIFT 


CONTENTS 

PAGE 

Yale  Ideals,  by  President  Hadley 5 

What  the  Freshman  Finds  at  Yale 9 

Life  at  Yale  College 15 

Life  at  Sheffield  Scientific  School 27 

Undergraduate  Activities    36 

Religious  Life  at  Yale 50 

Working  One's  Way   53 

Graduate  Interest  and  Organization 57 

The  Yale  Man's  New  Haven 69 

Sketch  of  the  History  of  Yale 77 

Information — Facts  and  Figures  Relating  Particularly  to  the 
Undergraduate  Departments 

Entrance  Requirements 83 

Courses  of  Study 85 

The  University  Calendar    85 

Expenses   86 

Facilities  for  Self  Help 86 

University  Privileges 

The  University  Church 89 

Concerts,  Lectures,  Collections,  etc 89 

Libraries    90 

Laboratories    91 

The  Infirmary    92 

General  Club  Life 92 

Athletic  Facilities    92 

The  Yale  Corporation 95 

The  Alumni  Advisory  Board 97 

Yale  University — outline  of  organization (inside  back  cover) 


Many  of  the  illustrations  in  this  booklet  are  reproduced  through  the  courtesy 
of  the  Yale  Alumni  Weekly. 


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YALE    IDEALS 
By  ARTHUR  TWINTXG  HADLEY 

President  of  Yale  University 

What  are  the  things  that  Yale  stands  for  ? 

First  and  foremost,  in  common  with  every  other  college  and  uni- 
versity worthy  of  the  name,  Yale  stands  for  the  pursuit  of  truth. 

No  school  or  group  of  schools,  however  brilliant,  would  deserve  to 
be  called  a  university  if  it  simply  taught  its  students  how  to  earn  as 
large  fees  as  possible  in  their  several  callings.  It  must  inspire  them 
with  a  higher  ideal  and  a  deeper  motive.  It  must  make  them  crave 
to  see  things  as  they  really  are  and  to  do  things  as  they  really  ought 
to  be  done;  to  make  truth  and  right  the  objects  of  a  man's  effort, 
instead  of  subordinating  them  to  the  pursuit  of  money,  pleasure,  or 
power.  These  are  the  ideas  which  underlie  all  good  college  teaching, 
in  science  and  in  history,  in  poetry  and  in  philosophy,  in  morals  and 
in  religion. 

Yale  also,  in  common  with  other  universities,  stands  for  breadth  of 
culture ;  for  a  wide  view  of  life  and  of  what  life  means. 

The  man  who  goes  to  college  has  the  leisure  to  know  many  kinds 
of  men  and  to  study  many  kinds  of  things.  If  he  uses  this  leisure 
badly  it  results  in  mere  dissipation,  physical  or  mental  as  the  case 
may  be.  But  if  he  uses  it  rightly — and  in  our  American  colleges  the 
great  majority  of  students  are  helped  to  use  it  rightly — it  means 
culture.  Culture  is  essentially  a  power  to  enjoy  the  best  things  in 
life  on  as  many  different  lines  as  possible,  instead  of  confining  our 
interests  to  a  narrow  range  of  things  which  are  immediately  before 
our  eyes.  Some  of  this  power  of  enjoyment  is  learned  in  the  class- 
room itself.  Some  is  learned  by  independent  reading  and  thinking. 
Some  is  learned  by  personal  contact  and  conversation  with  instruc- 
tors and  with  fellow  students.  Some — often  a  very  large  part — is 
learned  in  connection  with  the  social  and  athletic  activities  of  the 
student  body.  Any  of  these  activities,  when  pursued  in  an  honorable 
spirit,  increases  a  boy's  range  of  appreciation  and  enjoyment  and 
tends  to  make  him  a  broader  man  and  a  more  cultivated  gentleman. 

Finally,  Yale  stands  for  training  in  citizenship.  It  aims  to  pre- 
pare its  students  to  be  members  of  our  American  democracy.  To 


6  ^  LIFE. AT  YALE 

a  greater  or  less  degree  every  college  does  this.  Every  man  is  a 
better  citizen  if  tie  has  learned  to  love  the  truth  and  to  broaden  his 
points  of  contact  with  life  as  a  whole.  But  men  may  pursue  the 
truth  either  separately  or  shoulder  to  shoulder  with  their  fellows. 
Culture  may  be  sought  either  by  the  individual  for  himself  alone, 
or  by  the  citizen  for  himself  and  those  about  him.  Yale  encourages 
a  man  to  choose  the  second  of  these  alternatives — to  do  his  thinking 
as  a  member  of  a  community  rather  than  as  an  isolated  individual. 
This  is  the  most  distinct,  if  not  the  most  important,  lesson  which 
Yale  teaches  her  students. 

From  the  day  when  a  boy  comes  to  Yale  as  a  freshman,  he  is 
made  to  feel  that  he  belongs  to  a  closely  knit  commonwealth.  He 
enters  into  a  heritage  of  traditions  and  sentiments  common  to  the 
students  as  a  whole.  He  finds  himself  face  to  face  with  a  body 
of  public  opinion  which  he  is  given  his  share  in  moulding  and  to 
which  he  is  expected  to  conform  as  far  as  his  conscience  and  his 
abilities  will  permit  him.  This  force  of  tradition  and  opinion  is 
what  governs  Yale;  and  in  the  main  it  does  its  work  well.  It 
insists  on  clean  living.  It  frowns  on  drunkenness ;  it  condemns  sex- 
ual dissipation  unequivocally.  There  is  no  place  where  a  boy  with 
right  instincts,  going  out  into  the  world  to  enjoy  his  freedom,  gets 
more  help  from  public  sentiment  than  he  does  at  Yale.  It  is  also 
unequivocal  in  condemning  shams  of  every  kind.  It  encourages  the 
student  to  try  to  value  men  and  things  for  what  they  are  rather 
than  for  what  they  advertise  themselves  to  be.  Of  course  it  does 
not  always  succeed  in  getting  a  true  scale  of  values.  Some  things 
look  large  to  the  student  body  which  look  small  in  after  life.  Some 
things  are  judged  under  the  influence  of  momentary  waves  of  emo- 
tion, which  might  be  judged  differently  if  the  verdict  were  more 
deliberate.  But  on  the  whole  the  standard  is  democratic  and  manly, 
and  in  the  majority  of  instances  essentially  right. 

The  boy  also  finds  himself  encouraged  in  every  way  to  put  his 
talents  at  the  service  of  the  community.  Is  there  something  that 
he  can  do  with  his  brains  or  his  voice  or  his  hands  or  his  feet? 
Let  him  measure  himself  against  others  and  show  who  can  serve 
the  community  best.  By  such  competition  will  he  get  a  proper 
sense  and  proper  rating  of  his  own  power ;  by  such  competition  will 
the  community  get  the  leaders  it  wants  to  take  charge  of  the  things 
that  it  wants  done.  Here  again  the  judgment  of  the  student  body  is 


YALE  IDEALS  7 

far  from  perfect.  It  does  not  always  reward  most  highly  the  things 
that  are  best  worth  doing.  Its  tests  of  power  are  not  always  as 
broad  or  as  wise  as  those  that  maturer  men  might  apply.  But  such 
as  the  competition  is,  it  is  fairly  conducted — more  fairly  than  in 
almost  any  other  community.  Nor  does  Yale  confine  its  apprecia- 
tion to  the  man  who  has  succeeded.  To  him  who  comes  out  first  it 
gives  the  prize.  To  him  who  has  tried  and  fallen  short  it  gives 
honorable  recognition  and  encouragement  to  try  again.  It  condemns 
none  except  the  man  who  was  too  lazy  or  too  self-centered  to  try  at 
all. 

These,  then,  are  the  things  for  which  Yale  stands:  The  pursuit 
of  truth  as  an  ideal,  the  development  of  breadth  of  understanding, 
and  the  training  for  citizenship  which  results  from  fair  competition 
and  government  by  public  opinion. 


CONNECTICUT  HALL,  THE  OLD  DORMITORY  ERECTED  IN  1750, 
SEEN  THROUGH  THE  CLASS  OF  1896  MEMORIAL  GATEWAY 


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WHAT  THE  FKESHMAN  FINDS  AT  YALE 

An  entering  Class  at  Yale  comes  to  New  Haven  from  the  four 
quarters  of  the  globe.  Men  from  Texas  and  Pennsylvania  arrive 
on  the  same  train.  They  meet  at  the  station  a  group  from  Illinois, 
another  from  Hartford  and  another  from  Seattle,  Wash. ;  while 
already  in  the  city,  perspiring  over  last  examinations,  are  planters' 
sons  from  the  South,  farmers'  from  the  West,  and  bankers',  teachers' 
and  merchants'  sons  from  Louisville,  Cincinnati  and  Denver.  A 
smaller  number  are  from  Honolulu,  China,  Japan,  and  the  countries 
of  Europe.  High  schools  in  almost  every  important  city  in  the 
country  are  represented,  while  groups  from  the  large  preparatory 
schools  of  the  East  and  of  the  West  form  ever  widening  circles  of 
acquaintance. 

The  men  of  the  entering  classes,  the  Freshmen,  meet  first  on  the 
crowded  before-term  trains,  which  come  laboring  up  from  New  York 
or  down  from  the  North  and  East.  For  three  days,  early  in  the 
week  before  the  fall  term  starts,  these  groups  of  singing,  chatting 
upperclassmen  and  eager,  half  shy  Freshmen  pour  into  New  Haven. 
Swinging  hand  bags,  hat  boxes  and  mandolin  cases,  they  wander  in 
groups  up  through  the  city  streets  to  search  out  their  college  rooms 
and  to  happen  upon  acquaintances  old  and  new. 

These  nights  just  before  the  term  opens  are  times  of  uncertainty 
for  the  Freshmen.  Their  peace  of  mind  is  often  disturbed  by  the 
last  entrance  examinations.  Their  studies  and  even  their  slumbers 
are  disturbed  by  visits  from  good-natured  but  not  always  desired 
groups  of  Sophomores.  On  Wednesday  night  late  in  September,  the 
night  before  the  term  opens,  the  Freshmen  in  the  college  first  mass 
together,  first  come  to  feel  themselves  a  unit,  a  Class.  In  the  fan- 
tastic torchlight  procession  through  the  city  streets,  ending  in  the 
Freshman-Sophomore  wrestling  bouts  on  the  Campus,  these  three  or 
four  hundred  oddly  assorted  men,  who  make  a  Yale  Class,  are  welded 
together.  In  the  weird,  winding  snake  dance  and  march  through 
the  streets,  the  men  stammer  through  the  "Brek-ek-ek-ex  coax  coax" 
Greek  cheer,  and  sing  the  Yale  marching  songs.  They  grip  one 
another's  shoulders.  They  are  a  Class !  From  that  time  on,  the 
members  think  of  themselves  first  not  as  Californians  or  lumbermen's 


10 


LIFE  AT  YALE 


sons,  but  as  Yale  men,  and  Yale  men  of  a  particular  Class.  In  the 
Sheffield  Scientific  School  this  welding  process  of  the  entering  Class 
takes  place  on  the  following  Saturday,  when  the  parti-colored  cos- 
tumes of  the  Seniors,  leading  the  procession,  add  to  the  picturesque- 
ness  of  the  event. 

The  Freshmen  quickly  settle  into  their  scholarly  work.  This  is 
the  work  for  which  essentially  they  came  to  college  and  which  forms 
the  foundation  for  all  other  phases  of  college  work  and  play.  Soon 
they  become  aware  of  other  fields  of  work,  numberless  competitions, 
all  about  them.  In  a  mass  meeting  they  are  told,  though  they  know  it 
themselves,  of  the  manifold  activities  which  go  to  make  up  life  at 
Yale.  Before  the  first  year  is  a  week  old,  the  greetings  of  Freshmen 
become :  "What  are  you  out  for  ?"  Many  are  on  the  athletic  fields 
playing  football,  baseball,  tennis,  or  on  the  track,  competing  for  places 
on  Class  and  later  University  teams.  Others  are  darting  hither  and 


AT  THE  CLOSE  OF  MORNING  CHAPEL 

Attendance  at  daily  chapel  is  required  of  undergraduates  in  the  College. 
Attendance  at  Sunday  chapel  or  service  in  a  city  church  is  also  required  of  the 
men  in  College  and  optional  for  members  of  other  departments  of  the  University. 
Eminent  clergymen  of  various  denominations  preach  at  the  Sunday  services,  which 
are  once  a  month  transferred  from  the  chapel  to  the  large  University  Auditorium 
to  accommodate  attendants  from  the  entire  University. 


A  STUDENT'S  ROOM  IN  CONNECTICUT  HALL 

This  room  has  been  occupied  by  succeeding  generations  of  undergraduates  for 
one  hundred  and  sixty-two  years.  Its  occupants  have  included  Theodore  Dwight 
Woolsey,  Yale  Class  of  1820,  a  former  president  of  the  University,  and  James 
Kent,  Yale  Class  of  1781,  Chief  Justice  and  Chancellor  of  New  York. 


thither  about  the  Campus  walks  and  city  streets  on  rumbling  bicycles, 
pursuing  items  in  their  competition  for  the  Daily  News.  Awkward 
banjo  and  mandolin  cases  encompass  those  who  are  playing  on  the 
musical  clubs.  Some  are  trying  for  dramatic  honors,  for  literary 
acceptance  in  the  college  periodicals,  for  debating  teams.  Everyone 
is  trying  for  something.  Within  a  week  the  new  Class  has  started 
that  campaign  for  achievement  and  honor  in  Yale  life,  that  campaign 
which  in  the  college  does  not  relax  one  jot  or  one  tittle  until  the 
approach  of  Senior  year,  three  years  later,  when,  resting  after  honors 
won  or  honestly  striven  for  and  missed,  the  Class  settles  back  for  a 
quiet  year  of  companionship  after  three  years  of  competition. 

And  yet  this  many-sided  activity  forms  but  the  surface  of  the  col- 
lege work,  conspicuous  because  on  the  surface.  At  the  foundation  of 
every  boy's  work  at  Yale  is  the  rigid  necessity  for  study,  and  usually, 
too,  the  fixed  purpose  and  real  desire  to  study.  The  desire  for  study, 
the  pursuit  of  truth,  is  the  reason  for  the  existence  of  this,  as  of 


12  LIFE  AT  YALE 

any  real  college  or  university,  and  few  indeed  are  the  enrolled  stu- 
dents at  Yale  who  lose  sight  of  the  real  purpose  for  which  they  have 
come  to  college. 

The  subjects  and  fields  of  study  determine  the  departments  of 
the  University  in  which  the  entering  men  enroll  themselves.  Some 
four  hundred  of  the  new-coming  men  enter  the  College,  historic  ances- 
tor of  the  entire  University,  now  but  one  of  its  many  departments. 
An  equal  number  form  the  entering  Class  of  the  Sheffield  Scientific 
School,  known  to  Yale  as  "Sheff."  Smaller  numbers  each  year, 
having  completed  preliminary  college  work  at  Yale  or  elsewhere, 
enter  the  professional  schools  of  Theology,  Medicine,  and  Law,  the 
Graduate  School  and  Forest  School,  or  the  Schools  of  Music  and  the 
Fine  Arts.  A  total  of  about  four  hundred  new  members  enter  these 
schools  each  year,  coming  for  further  study  from  more  than  one 
hundred  and  seventy-five  colleges  and  universities  of  this  and  foreign 
countries.  It  is  of  the  life  in  the  two  undergraduate  departments, 
the  College  and  "Sheff,"  that  this  booklet  particularly  concerns  itself. 

Of  this  undergraduate  life  at  Yale  one  dominant  characteristic 
may  well  be  emphasized  before  the  individual  phases  are  considered. 
Yale  has  many  features  of  life.  Some  are  quite  similar  to  those 
at  other  colleges.  In  some  features  she  is  stronger,  in  some  possibly 
not  so  strong  as  other  institutions.  In  some  departments  of  teach- 
ing and  in  some  fields  of  research  she  is  the  most  eminent  of  all  the 
universities.  In  some  other  fields  of  study  her  reputation  may  not 
yet  be  the  most  resplendent.  In  one  characteristic,  however,  Yale 
men  feel  their  University  is  without  a  peer.  That  characteristic  is 
the  dominance  in  the  undergraduate  life  of  the  warm,  hearty,  sane 
feeling  of  comradeship  in  effort,  the  vigorous  determination  to  accom- 
plish something  for  the  common  good ;  the  clean  endeavor,  in  the  light 
of  two  hundred  years  of  favoring  tradition,  to  work  together  with 
common  industry  for  a  common  goal — the  thing  which  in  a  word 
we  call  Yale  Spirit.  It  is  this  spirit  that  sets  the  tone  of  under- 
graduate life  at  Yale.  And  the  tone  that  it  sets  is  cleanness  of 
life,  diligence  of  endeavor  in  study  or  play,  impatience  of  sham, 
quick  appreciation  of  ability  or  effort,  and  lasting  belief  in  the  ulti- 
mate good  of  common  work  in  pursuit  of  a  common  goal.  It  is  this 
spirit  that  makes  the  competition  in  the  multiform  activities  of  under- 
graduate life  at  Yale  so  keen,  so  all  pervading;  that  characterizes 
Yale  life  by  that  compelling  power  called  team  play.  It  is  this 


THE  UNDERGRADUATE  SPRING  FESTIVAL  OF  OMEGA  LAMBDA  CHI 

This  celebration  is  in  historic  continuance  of  a  legendary  society  custom.  The 
Seniors,  many  of  them  clad  in  spectacular  costume,  engage  in  sports  during  the 
May  afternoon  and  preside  over  the  time-honored  tug-of-war  between  the  Sopho- 
more and  Freshman  Classes. 


spirit,  too,  that  dominates  the  intellectual  life  of  the  undergraduate. 
The  class  room,  the  Fence,  the  athletic  field,  all  are  characterized 
by  this  feeling  of  comradeship  in  industry,  this  Yale  Spirit.  It  is  this 
spirit  that  the  Freshman  feels  first  as  he  swings  into  step  in  the 
torchlight  procession  on  the  first  night  of  his  first  year,  as  he  is 
bumped  and  jostled  and  borne  along  on  the  shoulders  and  in  the  open 
arms  of  his  fellows.  It  is  this  spirit  that  carries  him  through  his 
years  at  Yale ;  years  in  which  he  measures  himself  against  his  fel- 
lows in  keenest  competition  for  honors  and  responsibilities,  and  yet 
feels  himself  all  the  time  borne  aloft  by  the  assurance  of  their  hearty 
and  united  support.  It  is  this  spirit  that  at  the  end  of  the  college 
course  makes  the  man  feel  that  he  has  not  completed  his  association 
with  these  classmates,  but  has  simply  started  a  new  phase  of  his  Yale 
life ;  that  makes  the  graduate  sing  at  reunion  gatherings  throughout 


14  LIFE  AT  YALE 

the  world  in  a  voice  growing  more  and  more  mellow  with  maturity 
and  feeling : 

Bright  college  years,  with  pleasure  rife, 
The  shortest,  gladdest  years  of  life, 
How  swiftly  are  ye  gliding  by ! 
Oh,  why  doth  time  so  quickly  fly ! 
The  seasons  come,  the  seasons  go, 
The  earth  is  green,  or  white  with  snow, 
But  time  and  change  shall  naught  avail 
To  break  the  friendship  formed  at  Yale. 

In  after  years,  should  troubles  rise 

To  cloud  the  blue  of  sunny  skies, 

How  bright  will  seem,  thro'  memory's  haze, 

The  happy,  golden,  bygone  days ! 

Oh,  let  us  strive  that  ever  we 

May  let  these  words  our  watch-cry  be, 

Where'er  upon  life's  sea  we  sail, — 

"For  God,  for  Country,  and  for  Yale !" 


GROUPS  OF  GRADUATES  RETURNED  TO  THE  CAMPUS  FOR 
COMMENCEMENT  WEEK  REUNIONS 


A  VIEW  OF  THE  CAMPUS  DORMITORIES  AT  NIGHT 


LIFE  AT  YALE  COLLEGE 

In  an  annual  publication  called  the  Banner,  a  register  of  all  the 
organizations  at  Yale,  the  intelligent  reader,  anxious  to  discover  if 
there  is  any  end  to  their  number,  will  find  the  last  picture  in  the 
volume  to  be  the  honorable  group  of  football  cheer-leaders.  To  the 
incoming  Freshman  this  last  shall  be  first.  Their  control  of  an 
otherwise  spontaneous  emotion  on  the  bleachers  in  the  fall  games 
may  be  the  first  to  suggest  to  him  that  an  institution  of  age  and 
respectability  likes  to  order  things  in  its  own  way.  This  order  is 
not  of  the  Faculty  or  powers  above;  far  from  it.  It  is  the  self- 
ordained  task  of  the  undergraduate  to  see  that  established  traditions 
of  the  place  are  maintained  in  matters  which  come  within  his  prov- 
ince. Otherwise  things  become  ineffective,  and  he  is  dissatisfied 


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THE  COLLEGE  17 

because  in  the  absence  of  accepted  customs  a  college  crowd  degener- 
ates into  a  mob  and  college  customs  lose  their  distinction.  Beyond 
a  little  teasing  in  the  open,  which  has  replaced  the  ancient  practice 
of  hazing,  the  Freshman  gets  small  attention  from  any  students  out- 
side of  his  Class.  He  has  his  room  assigned  in  one  of  the  dormito- 
ries, either  on  York  Street  or  the  old  Campus,  allotted  to  Freshmen, 
and  learns  that  the  great  majority  of  college  men  live  like  him  in 


A  DORMITORY  ENTRY  GIST  AN  AFTERNOON  IN  SPRING 

The  large  quadrangle  of  the  Old  Campus  is  surrounded  in  great  part  by 
dormitories.  These  and  the  dormitories  on  an  adjacent  square  furnish  rooming 
quarters  for  over  one  thousand  men,  five-sixths  of  the  undergraduate  body  of  the 
College.  This  common  life  on  the  College  Campus  plays  no  small  part  in  making 
for  solidarity  in  Yale  life. 


comfortable  buildings  on  one  of  two  adjoining  quadrangles.  The 
Campus,  so-called,  contains  also  the  Library,  Chapel,  Art  School  and 
lecture  rooms,  in  all  of  which  he  may  be  more  or  less  concerned,  but 
of  the  many  University  buildings  which  stretch  for  more  than  half 
a  mile  beyond  these  quadrangles,  he  will  take  little  heed  excepting 
of  the  Dining  Hall — one  of  the  finest  interiors  of  its  kind  in 
America — where  he  will  get  his  meals.  The  Gymnasium  and  several 
laboratories  closely  adjacent  give  an  academic  air  to  the  neighbor- 
hood, though  their  architecture  does  not  harmonize  as  successfully 
as  it  ought  to  with  the  dormitory  groups.  On  the  whole,  though 


18 


LIFE  AT  YALE 


in  the  midst  of  a  considerable  city,  there  is  a  detachment  in  the 
University  life  which  renders  it  a  thing  by  itself  to  the  student — 
more  so,  perhaps,  to-day  than  in  the  days  when  more  than  half  the 
college  boarded  about  the  town.  But  one  remains  now  of  the  row  of 
factory-like,  brick  buildings  which  used  to  face  the  City  Green  from 
the  middle  of  the  Campus.  This  was  erected  a  few  years  before  the 
outbreak  of  the  French-Indian  War,  and  is  willingly  preserved 
because  of  its  respectable  antiquity;  the  others  have  been  removed 
to  leave  free  the  space  of  a  double  city  block,  around  the  edge  of 
which  are  grouped  the  halls  that  constitute  the  most  effective  college 
quadrangle  in  the  country. 

Into  this  world  of  his  own  the  Freshman  is  allowed  to  find  his 
way  or  make  his  place  with  scant  courtesy,  indeed,  but  with  fewer 


SENIOR  CLASS  DAY 

Two  days  before  graduation  the  Seniors  meet  in  academic  caps  and  gowns 
and  rehearse  the  achievements  of  their  college  course  and  sing  familiar  college 
songs  before  their  families  and  friends,  guests  of  the  afternoon.  Following  this 
celebration  the  Class  marches  to  plant  the  Class  ivy  and  sing  in  dedication  an 
"Ivy  Ode"  written  in  Latin  by  a  member  of  the  Class. 


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THE  COLLEGE  21 

risks  of  being  taken  up  and  played  upon  by  older  men  than  is  the 
case  in  most  large  institutions.  Outside  of  the  normal  influences 
of  the  curriculum,  athletics,  spiritual  interests  and  college  journal- 
ism— which  are  explained  elsewhere — the  new-comer  soon  feels  the 
reaction  of  that  sense  of  partnership  in  a  great  family  to  whose 
inherited  traditions  of  conduct  he  is  expected  to  conform.  He  is 
allowed  to  find  himself  before  he  is  subjected  to  any  risks  of  dis- 
covery by  upperclassmen,  and  the  experience  is  often  accounted  the 
most  interesting  and  surprising  in  the  careers  of  many  who  recall 
it  in  subsequent  years. 

There  are  no  officers  elected  in  any  class.  The  members  of  a 
Senior  Council  of  seven,  whose  supervision  of  Campus  affairs  is 
admirably  effective,  are  not  class  officials  in  any  sense.  It  'is  only 
upon  graduation  that  a  Secretary  is  elected  to  keep  track  of  a  Class 
and  publish  its  annals  in  after  life. 

The  outside  world  conceives  of  the  social  life  at  Yale  as  a  micro- 
cosm seething  with  hopes  and  fears  inspired  by  its  secret  societies. 
Their  influence  upon  the  undergraduate  community  is  important  and, 
in  some  respects,  peculiar  to  this  institution,  but  their  importance 
and  peculiarities  are  greatly  exaggerated.  The  Freshman  is  aware 
of  little  due  to  the  societies  that  affects  his  life ;  the  visitor  who  has 
seen  other  colleges  in  America  is  not  likely  to  detect  with  unaided 
vision  any  physical  evidences  that  differentiate  Yale  from  the  rest. 
In  the  fall,  when  the  so-called  Junior  fraternities  initiate  their  first 
candidates  from  the  Sophomore  Class,  the  Campus  gleams  for  an 
hour  with  the  penetrating  shafts  of  their  great  searchlights  carried 
at  the  head  of  costumed  processions  sonorous  with  ritual  songs  as  they 
pass  upon  their  errands  to  one  and  another  of  the  dormitories.  After 
midnight  the  members  of  the  three  Senior  societies  march  in  silence 
from  their  conclaves,  once  a  week,  to  Yanderbilt  Hall.  This  and  the 
elections,  silently  conferred  on  a  May  afternoon  in  the  open  Campus, 
are  all  the  outside  world  sees  or  knows  of  their  existence.  ~No  badges 
are  worn  that  can  be  seen ;  nor,  with  the  exception  of  a  recent  custom 
which  bedecks  members  of  the  Junior  fraternities  with  carnations  in 
their  buttonholes  when  an  initiation  is  impending,  do  the  societies 
obtrude  upon  the  senses  of  anyone  living  at  Yale. 

The  democracy  of  the  undergraduate  world  has  evolved  this  sup- 
pression of  manifest  signs  of  social  hierarchy  by  a  process  all  its 
own.  Forty  years  ago,  when  there  were  secret  societies  for  each 


22  LIFE  AT  YALE 

class  in  College,  every  member  wore  his  pin  upon  his  necktie.  Less 
than  thirty  years  ago  those  of  the  lower  classes  were  for  the  most 
part  exposed  more  modestly  upon  the  waistcoats  of  their  owners, 
though  Seniors  preserved  the  old  custom  longer.  Within  the  past 
decade  the  last  of  the  Senior  societies  to  maintain  the  ancient  promi- 
nence of  its  pin  has  followed  the  prevailing  custom.  The  notion 
obtains  abroad  that  with  the  increasing  number  of  undergraduates 
the  proportion  of  "society  men"  in  college  steadily  decreases.  The 
reverse  is  true.  Leaving  out  the  Freshman  societies — abolished  in 
1880 — which  any  Freshman  could  join  for  the  asking,  only  sixty- 
two  per  cent,  of  the  class  graduating  a  generation  ago  belonged  to 
any  society,  while  the  average  at  present  is  seventy-five  per  cent. 
So  far  as  these  organizations  reflect  undergraduate  sentiment  it  would 
appear  that  they  parade  less  and  admit  more  now  than  formerly. 

The  secret  societies  have  sins  enough  to  answer  for  in  the  estima- 
tion of  many  critics  of  American  colleges ;  but,  in  view  of  the  fact 
that  men  everywhere  are  bound  to  combine  in  groups  for  interest 
or  pleasure,  their  influence  at  Yale  has  been  rather  wholesome  than 
otherwise.  Their  standards  are  necessarily  high,  for  the  moment 
one  is  suspected  of  maintaining  lower  ideals  than  the  rest  it  is 
shunned  by  all  desirable  candidates.  Moreover,  their  graduate  mem- 
bers take  them  rather  more  seriously  than  is  generally  supposed,  and 
they  are  apt  to  return  to  reunions  preaching  a  loftier  morality  than 
they  themselves  ever  lived  up  to  when  young.  If  their  calls  to 
righteousness  are  ignored  by  the  active  members  they  withdraw  their 
moral  support,  and  when  this  is  removed  the  Society  soon  flags  and 
presents  itself  to  the  Faculty  as  a  septic  growth  upon  the  body  poli- 
tic in  need  of  surgical  treatment.  The  secrecy  of  all  these  organiza- 
tions is  preserved  chiefly  as  a  convenient  means  of  protection  from 
badinage ;  there  are  no  occult  purposes  to  propagate  in  any  of  them, 
but  long  usage  has  made  it  a  rudeness  in  college  for  any  but  his 
intimates  to  discuss  a  society  in  the  presence  of  a  member.  In  this 
way  their  privacy  is  maintained,  just  as  people  of  refinement  keep 
their  family  affairs  private  by  refusing  to  countenance  any  discus- 
sion of  them  among  chance  acquaintances. 

There  are  five  fraternities,  each  of  which  admits  twenty  Sopho- 
mores in  November.  The  group  in  each  class  is  increased  by  occa- 
sional elections  until  the  delegation  of  the  graduating  class  numbers 
about  forty.  Though  always  referred  to  as  Junior  fraternities,  they 


THE  COLLEGE 


23 


regularly  include  active  members  from  three  classes  at  a  time.  In 
Senior  year  three  societies  elect  fifteen  men  each,  and  one  non-secret 
Club — the  Elihu — about  the  same  number.  Considerable  prestige 
attends  membership  in  any  of  these  groups.  Their  selection  is  at 
least  so  cautiously  considered  as  always  to  include  the  few  very  best 
men  in  a  class,  and  seldom  any  who  are  obviously  unworthy.  Conse- 
quently the  honor  of  membership  is  a  prize  sought  by  every  honestly 
ambitious  boy  in  college.  The  influence  of  this  competition,  while 
it  tends  to  suppress  originality  in  individuals,  strengthens  the  soli- 
darity of  the  college  and  insists  upon  high  standards  of  decency  and 
honor  in  the  type  of  man  it  produces. 

Besides  these  strictly  academic  associations — all  of  them  legally 
incorporated  and  possessing  buildings  of  their  own — three  Greek 
letter  societies  include  in  their  membership  students  from  all  depart- 
ments of  the  University.  The  eminent  band  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa,  con- 
sisting exclusively  of  the  twenty-five  or  thirty  ranking  men  of  a  class, 
exerts  no  social  influence  whatever,  but  its  prestige  is  great,  and  its 
annual  banquet,  which  brings  together  graduate  members  and  distin- 
guished speakers  from  abroad,  is  perhaps  the  most  notable  function  of 


SENIORS  OF  A  LATE  SPRING  AFTERNOON  IN  THE  SENIOR  COURT 


24  LIFE  AT  YALE 

its  kind  in  the  college  year.  The  Elizabethan  Club,  possessing  a  con- 
venient house  and  the  most  remarkable  collection  of  first  editions  of 
Shakespeare  in  America,  chooses  its  members  from  the  upper  classes 
of  both  undergraduate  departments  as  they  display  a  genuine  interest 
in  literature.  This  club,  being  endowed,  is  unique  in  making  no 
pecuniary  demands  upon  its  members,  while  it  stands  by  itself  also 
in  bringing  undergraduates  into  intimate  contact  with  graduates  who 
frequent  it,  and  in  admitting  the  introduction  of  friends  as  visitors. 
A  chapter  of  the  Cosmopolitan  Club,  which  exists  in  all  the  larger 
American  universities,  is  composed  of  foreign  students  of  all  nation- 
alities and  native  Americans  whose  interests  are  sufficiently  catholic 
to  find  profit  in  meeting  with  them  once  a  month.  !N"o  Academic 
organization  has  its  members  living  or  eating  together  as  such. 

Other  groups  and  brotherhoods  there  are,  too  numerous  indeed  to 
mention.     Places  in  the  musical  and  dramatic  clubs  are  particularly 

sought  after  because 

of  the  vacation  trips 
which  they  afford. 
Some  of  the  plays 
presented  by  the 
Dramatic  Associa- 
tion equal  the  best 
performances  by 
amateurs  anywhere. 
The  social  festival  of 
the  winter,  known  as 
the  Junior  Prome- 
nade Concert,  is  per- 
haps the  most  notable 
recurring  function  of 
the  sort  given  in  the 
United  States.  De- 
scended from  the  old 
"Wooden  Spoon" 
festival,  it  has  now 
become  the  climax  of 
three  days  of  festiv- 
ity, including  a  play, 
ON  THE  "SENIOR  FENCE"  a  concert,  a  round  of 


THE  COLLEGE 


25 


club  teas  and  a  ball.  Intellectual  work,  outside  of  the  curriculum 
and  competitions  for  various  scholastic  prizes,  is  fostered  by  debates 
in  the  Yale  and  Freshman  unions  and  in  less  formal  clubs,  the  best 
representatives  of  which  win  places  on  the  intercollegiate  debating 
teams.  Dwight  Hall,  a  center  of  the  religious  interests  of  college 
life,  promotes  not  only  its  own  series  of  meetings  and  Bible  classes 
but  three  Sunday  schools  in  the  purlieus  of  the  town  and  two 
regularly  appointed  houses  for  rescue  work  and  uplift  in  the  slums. 
A  college  in  the  center  of  China,  with  about  a  hundred  students  and 
a  hospital,  is  wholly  manned  by  Yale  graduates  and  maintained  by 
subscriptions  from  Yale  students  and  alumni.  The  Catholic,  Berke- 
ley (Episcopalian),  Jonathan  Edwards  and  Hebraic  clubs  indicate 
varieties  of  religious  belief  that  find  corporate  expression  in  occa- 
sional meetings,  but  less  is  heard  of  such  matters  than  of  the  harmless 
eccentricities  of  the 
"Pundits"  or  "Kop- 
per  Kettle,"  or 
ephemeral  coteries 
like  the  Whiffen- 
poofs,  the  Hogans, 
and  Mohicans. 

Old  graduates  ob- 
serve that  social 
life  at  Yale  is 
much  less  strident 
and  emotional  than 
it  was  in  the  old 
days.  Much  of  this 
is  due  to  the  tem- 
per of  the  times, 
but  more  comes  from 
the  settled  policy  of 
the  Eaculty  to  let  stu- 
dents manage  their 
own  affairs  so  far 
they  can  prop- 


as 


erly  do  so.  There 
are  no  indications 
now  of  the  ancient 


VANDERBILT  HALL,  A  SEXIOR  DORMITORY 


26  LIFE  AT  YALE 

antagonism  between  teachers  and  taught  which  used  to  break  out  in 
the  wanton  mutilation  of  college  property,  midnight  bonfires  or  the 
"burial  of  Euclid" — a  ceremony  that  consigned  a  distasteful  text- 
book to  a  formal  interment  in  the  woods.  Rather  oddly,  the  only 
survival  of  this  sort  of  function  is  a  campus  procession  with  costumes 
and  dancing,  in  the  spring,  celebrating  "Omega  Lambda  Chi,"  a 
mock  initiation,  shared  by  all  the  classes,  into  a  society  that  never 
existed;  it  is  a  parody,  therefore,  on  the  secret  societies  cordially 
conducted  by  the  society  men  themselves.  Nothing  remains  now  of 
the  furious  antagonism  between  town  and  gown,  which  used  to  show 
itself  in  petty  pranks  along  the  city  streets,  in  breaking  street  lamps, 
stealing  signs,  and  once — sixty  years  ago — in  a  famous  assault  with 
fire  arms  upon  a  fire-engine  house  and  the  siege  in  return  by  the 
firemen  of  one  of  the  college  dormitories.  The  college  world  used 
to  perch  in  its  leisure  hours  upon  the  rails  of  a  wooden  fence  facing 
the  main  street  of  the  town.  When  this  was  replaced  by  buildings 
a  fence  of  similar  construction  was  erected  between  the  drive  and  the 
grass-plot  on  the  Campus,  and  here  (in  fair  weather)  the  undergradu- 
ates are  apt  to  assemble  upon  portions  assigned  by  unwritten  law  to 
each  class.  Freshmen  are  not  included  in  this  assignment,  but  they 
make  what,  in  the  language  of  international  politics,  might  be  called 
a  "demonstration"  when,  on  Washington's  Birthday,  they  rush  for 
it  in  a  body  and  are  withstood  by  the  Sophomore  Class.  It  is  a 
harmless  performance,  supervised  by  the  football  captain,  but  it  is 
cherished  as  a  custom  commemorating  an  old-time  snow-ball  fight 
between  these  two  classes  when  the  Freshmen  on  that  holiday  first 
ventured  out  in  top-hats  and  canes.  The  consecrated  section  of  the 
fence  is  handed  over  by  Sophomores  to  the  Freshmen  in  June  with 
speeches  from  spokesmen  in  each  class — sometimes  really  witty  and 
always  received  with  appreciation.  A  pleasant  custom  sanctions  an. 
informal  game  of  baseball  (with  a  soft  ball)  which  may  be  played  by 
Seniors  only  on  a  certain  corner  of  the  Campus.  No  college  com- 
munity in  the  country  cares  more  for  its  traditions  than  the  little 
world  of  Yale,  and  in  none  is  the  sense  of  solidarity  and  the  spirit 
of  devotion  to  accepted  ideals  more  sedulously  cultivated. 

F.  W.  WILLIAMS,  Class  of  1879. 


A  SHEFFIELD  CAMPUS  DORMITORY 


LIFE  AT  SHEFFIELD  SCIENTIFIC  SCHOOL 

When  I  went  to  Sheff  I  thought  that  I  had  done  no  more  than 
enter  a  department  of  a  great  institution.  I  thought  that  I  told  the 
whole  truth  when  I  said  to  the  family  minister,  or  some  other  formal 
person,  I  am  in  the  Sheffield  Scientific  School  of  Yale  University. 
I  did  not  realize  for  many  years  that  Sheff  is  much  more  than  a  sec- 
tion of  a  university — that  it  is  really  a  way  of  thinking  about  things, 
a  point  of  view. 

At  first  it  is  "Sheff-town"  that  catches  your  attention.  I  did  not 
get  at  the  thing  which  gives  Sheff  its  peculiar  and  particular  char- 


28  LIFE  AT  YALE 

acter  until  long  after  graduation,  but  the  curiously  definite  geography 
of  the  place  strikes  you  at  once.  "Sheff-town"  is  a  little  country, 
with  clear  boundaries  and  well-marked  provinces  within  it.  Wall 
Street  bounds  it  on  the  south,  a  narrow,  friendly  street  with  boys 
incessantly  hanging  out  of  the  windows  up  and  down  the  whole  length. 
At  one  end  is  the  white  quadrangle  of  Vanderbilt-Scientific  with 
its  pleasant  archways,  oriels  full  of  cushions,  and  a  ball  game  per- 
petually on  beneath  them.  At  the  other  the  Ereshman  lodging 


MASON  MECHANICAL  ENGINEERING  LABORATORY 

New,  thoroughly  equipped,  laboratories  in  mechanical  engineering  and  in 
mining  and  metallurgy  have  recently  strengthened  the  engineering  equipment  of 
the  Sheffield  Scientific  School. 


houses  thicken  towards  the  friendly,  stranger  territories  of  "Aca- 
demic." And  across  the  midst  cuts  "Grub  Street/7  the  broad  ave- 
nue to  Commons.  On  the  east  of  "Sheff-town"  is  Temple  Street 
with  the  ancient  Ereshman  Row,  that  before  they  burnt  the  bridge 
once  too  often  (the  tale  awaits  you  in  "New  Haven)  was  a  famous 
haunt  of  studentry.  To  the  north  are  the  pleasant  places  of  the  city 
opening  through  the  beautiful  Hillhouse  Avenue  to  Sachem  Woods 
with  its  vast  laboratories.  To  the  west  is  the  old  cemetery,  rest- 
ing place  of  memorable  dead,  the  pavement  round  its  wall  a  favorite 
running-track  for  us  when  brains  were  muddy  on  winter  afternoons. 


SHEFFIELD  SCIENTIFIC  SCHOOL  29 

Just  opposite  is  a  row  of  grim  buildings,  ugly  enough ;   but  here  the 
Scientific  School  began.     And  all  within  is  Sheff. 

When  that  ridiculous  tower  of  South  Sheffield  Hall,  with  its  bat- 
tered top-hat  of  an  observatory  pulled  down  over  its  ears,  sends  out 
its  bell-strokes  for  the  first  eight  o'clock  of  the  year,  and  all  Sheff 
begins  to  stream  from  Commons,  Byers  Hall,  Wall  Street,  and  the 
dormitories,  I  never  fail  to  remember  how  I  first  panted  under  it 
to  the  big  assembly  room  to  see  my  class.  Such  an  incoherent,  dis- 


A  Row  OF  SCIENTIFIC  SCHOOL  LABORATORIES 

unified,  mongrel  assortment  of  boys  as  Sheff  draws  together  for  a 
Freshman  Class !  Spruce,  self-contained  fellows  from  the  big  prep, 
schools,  who  look  over  their  neighbors  keenly,  and  know  just  how 
much  or  how  little  to  say  to  a  new  acquaintance;  unlicked,  tousled- 
headed  boys  from  the  farm,  a  fine,  fresh  light  in  their  eyes,  and  voices 
loud  from  shyness;  white-faced  sons  of  hard-working  families,  who 
down  on  Oak  Street,  or  along  the  water  front,  are  sacrificing  every- 
thing to  give  Johnny  or  Frankie  a  chance ;  E~ew  Yorkers,  just  a  little 
supercilious  (they  get  over  it)  ;  Westerners,  with  a  chip  on  their 
shoulders  because  they  think  the  East  won't  like  them ;  Southerners, 
who  seem  to  know  everyone;  and  here  and  there  a  Chinese,  or  an 
Armenian,  or  a  Jap,  who  stares  at  the  tumult  with  inscrutable  eyes. 
When  you  look  back  on  it  you  wonder  how  all  that  was  to  be  licked 
into  shape,  was  to  be  made  a  body  with  some  ideals  and  more  ideas  in 
common.  And  yet,  this  was  done,  and  quickly.  It  was  Junior  year 


30  LIFE  AT  YALE 

before  we  learned,  all  of  us,  to  dress  just  alike,  a  very  important  thing 
in  college,  as  all  the  New  Haven  tailors  and  haberdashers  testify  by 
the  pains  they  take  to  circulate  one  kind  of  cap,  one  kind  of  tie,  and 
one  cut  of  clothing.  But  long  before  that  this  composite  assort- 
ment of  diverse  units  became  a  Class.  "The  Sheff  Bush"  swept  us 
in  a  marching,  singing  mob  through  fireworks,  band  music,  and  cheers 
into  a  consciousness  that  the  man  who  gripped  left  sleeve  and  he  who 
hung  to  right  shoulder  in  the  snake-dance  were  somehow  or  another 
to  keep  moving  on  and  hanging  on  to  us  for  years,  perhaps  for  life. 
Then  in  we  were  tumbled,  the  lot  of  us,  into  classrooms,  shaken  up, 
pounded  down,  rubbed,  polished  off  (and  some  of  us  finished),  in  a 
common  tussle  with  Physics,  Biology,  English,  and  Mathematics, 
until  slow  brains  began  to  move  along  the  same  logical  processes. 
Ambition  to  be  something  in  Yale  life  seized  us.  Football,  Crew, 
Glee  Club,  the  News,  what  difference  did  it  make ;  the  impulse  (vir- 
tue and  fault,  but  greater  virtue  than  fault  of  Yale)  to  do  something 
in  the  college  world  gave  a  fellow-feeling.  "What  are  you  out  for  ?" 
was  a  commonplace  of  chance  meetings  in  Byers  Hall  or  College 
Street.  Then  suddenly  we  became  painfully  conscious  of  the  upper- 
classmen.  The  societies  (we  hardly  dared  whisper  their  sacred 
names)  were  busy  selecting.  Lightning  was  striking  here  and  there. 
Groups  formed  and  reformed.  New  brothers,  chosen  by  this  fra- 
ternity or  that,  began  to  gather  in  preparation  for  next  year,  when 
they  were  to  become  housemates  in  one  of  the  society  dormitories. 
The  disappointed,  and  the  independent,  drew  together  in  little  cote- 
ries where  friendship  was  the  sufficient  bond.  Some  pangs  there 
were :  not  even  the  Twelve  Apostles  were  chosen  without  heart-burn- 
ings, and  our  societies  are  as  human,  and  as  fallible,  as  they  are 
well-meaning.  By  Easter  we  were  indubitable  Sheff  men;  but  we 
did  not  know  what  that  term  meant. 

Now  Sheff,  like  all  colleges,  is  imperfect;  its  educational  system 
is  imperfect,  its  teachers  are  imperfect,  and  its  college  life  is  imper- 
fect— the  perfect  college  is  still  in  the  future,  and  threatens  to  stay 
there.  Nevertheless,  Sheff  has  some  remarkably  good  qualities,  and 
they  have  been  good  for  so  long  that  they  are  likely  to  stay  good.  As 
I  look  back  over  the  college  life  of  Sheff,  as  I  have  known  it,  the 
best, — I  am  not  sure  that  it  is  not  the  quality  of  all,  for  everything 
seems  to  explain,  and  be  explained  by  it,  is — well,  I  shall  have  to 
use  a  figure  to  make  my  meaning  clear,  for  nothing  is  so  hard  to 


SHEFFIELD  SCIENTIFIC  SCHOOL 


31 


describe  as  the  subtle  conditions  and  subtler  influences  which  make 
college  life.  Imagine  a  kaleidoscope  (the  figure  is  old,  but  useful) 
full  of  bits  of  glass  of  all  shapes  and  colors.  Let  this  stand  for 
our  Freshman  class.  Now  give  it  a  dozen  twists;  and  if  you  look 
through  each  time  you  will  see  a  design  in  which  every  bit  of  glass 
seems  to  find  some  good  relation  to  other  bits,  so  that  a  harmonious 
pattern  is  made  of  many  harmonious  groups,  all  of  which  touch  or 
intersect.  That  mouse-colored  fragment  which  glows  in  its  own 
octagon  is  part  of  another  figure.  This  big,  purple  fellow  that 
catches  the  light  at  the  point  of  a  hexagon,  is  in  the  background  of 
that  circle  too. 

Well,  that  is  Sheff,  as  it  should  be,  and  as,  to  a  rather  remarkable 
extent,  it  is.  For  the  whole  system  of  its  college  life  is  based  upon 
groups  of  friends  or  associates,  upon  circles  that  touch  and  inter- 
sect, until  each  boy  has  his  place  in  many  groups  beside  that  which 
is  particularly  his  own. 


A  WINTER  MOENING  ON  THE   SHEFFIELD  CAMPUS 


32  LIFE  AT  YALE 

When  I  went  to  Sheff  the  circles  began  to  form  before  the  entrance 
examinations  were  over.  At  first  it  was  just  prep,  school  associates 
that  got  together,  and  joined  to  themselves  summer  acquaintances, 
and  the  sons  of  father's  friends.  But  the  new  life  quickly  reasserted 
us  into  new  unities.  It  was  the  "eating-joint"  first,  a  room  full 
of  talk  and  rattling  dishes,  or  a  Commons  table  with  soup  canting 
eerily  over  your  head ;  but  to  either  place  came  new  boys  that  found 
a  common  interest  in  each  other's  society  or  the  quality  of  the 
"grub."  New  circles  formed  that  did  not  break  the  old.  Two  of 
your  men  were  in  the  "football  crowd" ;  your  roommate  consorted 
at  odd  hours  with  Academic  friends;  there  were  the  fellows  you 
studied  with  in  Byers  Hall,  the  big  student  club,  open  to  everyone ; 
last  there  was  your  division,  souls  that  toiled,  and  wrought,  and 
thought  with  you,  joined  by  a  common  share  in  a  section  of  the  alpha- 
bet, equal  lessons,  and  a  personal  knowledge  of  your  disastrous  flunks. 
The  "joint"  broke  up;  the  friendships  remained;  but  you  were 
whirled  by  another  twist  of  the  kaleidoscope  into  another  circle, 
more  lasting  this  time.  It  was  spring.  The  fraternities  had  made 
their  choices.  Either  you  were  joined  to  a  group  who  next  year  and 
for  the  rest  of  their  Sheff  experience  would  share  a  house  in  common, 
and  support  the  prestige  of  an  ancient  society;  or  you  became  one 
of  a  "crowd"  of  friends  who  tacitly  agreed  to  stick  together  in 
some  corner  of  a  dormitory  while  college  life  was  to  them.  Fresh- 
man year  ended.  The  Class  was  divided  into  coteries,  into  circles, 
subtly  interrelated;  but  it  was  left  for  the  Sheff  educational  system 
to  complete  the  plan. 

At  Sheff,  the  Freshman  year  in  this  system  is  a  common  appli- 
cation for  all  of  very  much  the  same  kind  of  educational  medicine. 
When  you  are  well  dosed,  then  comes  the  time  for  the  specialist. 
Towards  spring  you  were  asked — do  you  want  to  be  an  Engineer,  a 
Chemist,  a  Biologist,  and  so  on  with  a  string  of  them;  or  do  you 
enter  that  "Select"  course  which  is  the  Sheff  name  for  what  nowa- 
days we  mean  by  a  liberal  education?  You  chose,  and  thereby 
sealed  (often  unwittingly)  your  future  career.  I  am  not  concerned 
with  careers,  as  such.  Let  me  point  out  the  indirect  effect  of  this 
system  of  required  courses  which  came  before  the  free  elective  sys- 
tem and  has  lasted  after  it.  Junior  year  arrived.  You — deeply 
imbedded  in  your  little  social  coterie,  living,  eating,  playing  with 
a  group  of  congenial  friends — found  yourself  a  part,  like  the  glass 


Two  OF  THE  SCIENTIFIC  SCHOOL  FKATEKNITY  HOUSES 

In  the  Scientific  School  upper  class  fraternity  members  live  in  the  society 
club  houses.  In  the  College  the  societies  have  no  living  houses;  the  students 
all  live  together  in  general  college  dormitories.  At  the  left  in  this  picture  are 
seen  the  towers  of  one  of  the  new  dormitories  of  the  Scientific  School. 


in  the  kaleidoscope,  of  another  circle,  too,  this  time  an  intellectual 
one.  For  better  or  for  worse  you  had  become  a  member  of  your 
"course."  Strive  as  you  would,  and  some  of  us  I  regret  to  say  did 
strive,  the  effect  of  that  intellectual  influence  was  unescapable.  If 
we  were  Engineering  students  we  began,  however  dimly,  to  think 
and  feel  as  Engineers,  to  see  the  world  in  terms  of  mathematics,  and 
talk  of  stresses  or  the  strength  of  materials.  If  we  were  "Select," 
the  historical  method,  the  anthropological  point  of  view,  the  criti- 
cal attitude  of  literature,  insensibly  (very  insensibly  sometimes) 
began  to  find  its  way  into  our  thought  and  talk.  These  were  the  new 
intellectual  circles  into  which  individuals  of  the  social  groups  entered 
without  losing  their  place  in  the  home  life  of  their  "crowd."  The 
course  had  an  esprit  de  corps  which  was  obvious ;  a  way  of  thinking 
which  to  us  was  not  obvious,  but  most  evident  to  the  more  mature 
observer.  And  back  to  our  old  circles  we  carried  the  atmosphere 
of  the  new  one.  Talk  waxed  better  as  the  minds  of  friend  and 
friend  developed  along  separating  lines;  we  grew  more  interesting 


34  LIFE  AT  YALE 

to  each  other ;  even  the  big  games  (staples  in  talk  for  half  the  year) 
lent  themselves  to  arguments  flavored  by  difference  in  ways  of  think- 
ing ;  and  it  was  a  never-ending  pleasure  to  attack  the  utter  silliness 
of  the  other  fellow's  method  of  preparing  for  life. 

It  is  a  common  criticism  that  college  men  talk  nothing  but  athle- 
tics. It  is  true  that  they  make  athletics  so  interesting  to  themselves 
that  it  often  excludes  more  valuable  subjects  of  conversation.  But  I 
have  never  so  enjoyed  good  talk  as  in  that  little  white  "eating- joint" 
under  the  elm  (now,  alas,  gone  the  way  of  the  Old  Brick  Eow)  where 
on  Sunday  nights,  dear  fat  old  Mrs.  Wiggin  listening  with  her  hands 
tucked  beneath  her  apron,  we  wrangled  over  football  scores,  girls, 
religion,  life-work,  hard  and  easy  courses,  till  the  coffee  was  cold,  and 
someone  threw  a  biscuit  at  the  wordiest  member.  We  were  intimates. 
We  ate  together,  we  roomed  together.  But  we  moved  in  other  orbits, 
athletic,  musical,  religious,  most  of  all  intellectual,  and  came  home 
bringing  with  us  the  point  of  view,  the  influences  of  each.  And 
that  is  the  secret  of  Sheff. 

Most  things  that  are  worth  while  go  back  to  a  thought  or  a  sacri- 
fice. This  Sheff  idea  goes  back  to  both.  The  farsighted  enthusiasts 
who,  in  the  infancy  of  modern  science,  founded  the  Scientific  School, 
were  not  thinking  of  that  by-product  of  education,  the  college  life  of 
which  I  am  writing.  Yet  they  influenced  it  profoundly,  as  move- 
ments at  the  heart  of  a  university,  where  throbs  its  intellectual  life, 
must  always  do.  They  planned  to  teach  by  the  old  things  and  the 
new,  by  letters,  but  also  by  science.  They  planned,  first,  to  open 
roads  through  each  especial  province  of  scientific  knowledge,  which 
the  individual  might  follow  according  to  his  capability  and  his  choice. 
These  were  the  technical  courses.  And  next  they  devised  a  broader 
highway  for  those  who  did  not  wish  to  specialize  and  yet  desired 
scientific  training  and  the  scientific  point  of  view.  This  was  the 
so-called  " Select."  Thus  was  formed  that  group  of  diverse  courses, 
each  unified  in  itself,  which  makes  the  Sheff  idea.  And,  as  one  now 
beg'ins  to  see,  it  was  the  sacrifice  they  made  for  what  was  then  a 
new  cause,  and  the  earnest  belief  of  their  successors,  in  the  system 
which  they  devised,  that  explains  the  harmony,  the  vigor,  and  the 
success  of  Sheff.  B.  Silliman,  Jr.,  J.  D.  Dana,  J.  P.  Norton,  J.  A. 
Porter,  D.  C.  Gilman,  Brush,  Whitney,  Brewer,  Walker,  Louns- 
bury — these  memorable  names  seem  rather  overweighty  for  the  merry 
college  life  that  I  remember.  But  they  are  responsible  for  the  Sheff 


GRADUATES  AWAITING  THE  COMMENCEMENT  DINNER  IN  THE 
YALE  DINING  HALL 


idea — unity  in  diversity — and  it  is  that  which  lies  behind  the  inter- 
secting circles  of  Sheff  life. 

After  all  Sheff  life  is  not  so  very  different,  I  suppose,  from  life 
in  other  colleges.  Our  friends  in  "Academic,"  who  share  so  many 
of  our  traditions,  our  customs,  our  ideals,  say  that  their  idea  is  just 
as  fine,  and  just  as  mighty  in  effect.  I  think  it  is;  but  the  Sheff 
idea  is  different,  and  for  those  to  whom  it  appeals  this  little  difference 
counts. 

HENRY  SEIDEL  CANBY,  Class  of  1899  S. 


UNDEBGKADUATE  ACTIVITIES 

Literary  Activities,  Scholarly  Work  and  Interest,  Writing  for  the 

College  Papers,  the  Glee  Club  and  Dramatic 

Association,  Athletics. 

Competition  is  the  basis  of  all  student  activity  at  Yale.  The 
activities  are  of  endless  variety.  They  range  from  industrious  study 
to  singing  on  the  Glee  Club,  taking  a  part  in  dramatics,  or  play- 
ing end  on  the  football  team.  The  activities  have  the  common  princi- 
ple of  service  to  the  University,  and  the  common  basis  of  competitive 
effort.  Each  man  in  the  Yale  world  measures  himself  against  his 
fellows,  so  that  the  best  man  may  be  chosen  to  serve  the  University 
in  the  given  work  or  play.  Success  in  any  competition  brings 
responsibility  and  honor  in  the  college  community.  A  hard,  fair 
fight  uncrowned  with  final  success  brings  admiration.  Only  the 
sluggard  in  Yale  life  is  despised. 

Success  in  any  student  endeavor  means,  at  the  same  time,  good 
work  in  study.  !N~o  one  with  low  scholarship  stand  may  continue 
an  outside  competition. 

Activities  cover  many  lines  of  work :  literary,  musical,  dramatic, 
athletic.  In  the  first  place,  there  are  the  activities  that  are  directly 
connected  with  study  or  allied  to  it.  Even  study  at  Yale  becomes  a 
matter  of  outside  honor  as  well  as  of  intrinsic  worth.  High  scholar- 
ship brings  not  only  its  own  reward,  but  also  membership  in  the 
scholastic  honor  society,  Phi  Beta  Kappa.  Prizes  in  special  exami- 
nations and  in  literary  composition  bring  not  only  return  in  the 
value  of  the  prize,  but  also  recognition  in  the  college  world  for  suc- 
cess in  an  accepted  field  of  Yale  work. 

LITERARY  LIFE  AND  WORK 

The  most  characteristic  feature  of  literary  work  at  Yale  is  that 
for  the  undergraduate  journals.  The  most  characteristic  feature  of 
literary  life  at  Yale  is  the  number  of  small  clubs  composed  of  men 
with  literary  tastes  and  interests. 

Of  the  undergraduate  journals,  which  fill  a  large  place  in  college 
life,  the  Yale  Daily  News  is  the  most  powerful.  Editorial  positions 


UNDEKGKADUATE  ACTIVITIES 


3T 


on  this  paper  are  most  keenly  striven  for  and  bring  greatest  responsi- 
bility as  well  as  greatest  honor.  The  chairman  of  the  News  is  the 
uncrowned  king  of  the  Campus.  The  News  was  established  in  1878, 
and  is  thus  the  oldest  college  daily  in  the  world.  Originally  estab- 
lished as  a  journal  for  informal  attack  on  authority  and  tradition,  it 
has  now  become  one  of  the  chief  organs  of  conservative  influence  and 
is  one  of  the  greatest  conservers  of  good  deportment  and  good  taste 
in  undergraduate  life.  An  editorial  board  of  some  fourteen  mem- 
bers from  each  Class  is  chosen  by  successive  competitions  during  the 
first  two  years  of  the  college  course.  In  each  of  these  competitions 
from  twenty  to  fifty  underclassmen  are  engaged.  As  a  result  of 
any  one  competition  not  more  than  two  or  three  editors  are  chosen. 
The  competition  is  on  the  basis  of  amount  of  accepted  news  sub- 
mitted by  the  competing  reporter  or  "heeler,"  and  &  characteristic 
of  Campus  life  at  all  times  is  the  nervous  presence  of  these  News  heel- 
ers darting  hither  and  thither  over  the  entire  University  in  search 


"MAKE-UP  NIGHT"  IN  THE  OFFICE  OF  THE  UNDERGRADUATE 
JOURNAL  "THE  RECORD" 

Editorial  positions  on  the  Yale  papers  are  gained  by  competition.  The  men 
who  have  the  greatest  number  of  manuscripts  published  in  any  papers  during  a 
given  year  or  years  are  elected  to  edit  that  paper  in  their  Senior  Year.  On 
"make-up  night"  the  editors  of  the  undergraduate  comic,  The  Record,  sit  in 
shirt-sleeved  comfort  and  go  over  submitted  manuscripts  with  the  competitors 
or  "heelers." 


38 


LIFE  AT  YALE 


of  items  for  their  paper.  Probably  nowhere  in  the  world  is  the  news 
field  more  intensively  cultivated  than  on  the  Yale  Campus.  Prob- 
ably on  no  newspaper  does  a  reporter  work  with  such  diligence  and 
such  zest  as  the  heelers  for  the  Yale  News.  Because  of  the  require- 
ment of  an  authentic  signature  endorsing  each  item  submitted,  this 
college  paper  has  also  a  reputation  for  printing  accurate  news.  The 
freshman  who,  in  the  first  competition,  scores  the  largest  amount  of 
reported  news  becomes  in  his  Senior  year  the  editor  of  the  paper. 
The  other  successful  competitors  become,  in  the  organization  of  the 
board,  in  Senior  and  Junior  year,  his  associates  as  business  managers, 
managing  editors,  assignment  editors,  etc. 

The  Yale  Literary  Magazine,  founded  in  1836,  is  the  oldest 
literary  monthly  not  only  in  any  of  the  colleges,  but  in  all  America. 
This  paper,  familiarly  known  as  the  "Lit/'  continues  its  highly 


SENIOR  BASEBALL  IN  VANDERBILT  COURT 

The  court  of  Vanderbilt  Hall,  a  Senior  dormitory,  forms  a  playground  of 
special  Senior  privilege.  A  novel  ball  game  with  a  large  soft  ball  is  one  of  the 
special  Campus  prerogatives  of  members  of  the  Senior  Class. 


UNDERGRADUATE  ACTIVITIES  39 

respectable  career,  and  it  is  considered  a  great  honor  to  be  one  of 
its  editors.  Not  only  does  the  Lit  represent  the  best  undergraduate 
writing  done  'neath  the  elms,  not  only  does  it  appeal  to  practically 
every  man  who  has  literary  tastes  and  talent,  but  the  five  men  on  the 
board  perform  a  service  to  the  College  by  cheerfully  acting  as  instruc- 
tors in  English  Composition.  Every  man  who  writes  for  this 
paper — and  there  are  a  good  many  of  them — has  the  privilege  of  call- 
ing upon  an  editor,  and  taking  up  hours  of  his  time  in  going  over  an 
unsuccessful  contribution. 

The  Record  affords  an  outlet  for  the  wit,  satire,  burlesque  and 
humor  of  undergraduate  life.  Here  is  a  field  where  the  contributors 
do  work  of  a  high  order,  and  the  flashes  in  the  Record  are  extensively 
quoted  in  many  parts  of  the  country  by  the  professional  press.  The 
opportunity  is  here  given  for  spontaneous  wit,  native  to  the  college 
undergraduate.  In  the  pages  of  the  Record,  too,  the  large  number 
of  men  in  College  who  are  skilled  with  the  pencil  have  a  chance  in 
the  illustrations  and  cartoons. 

The  Courant,  founded  in  1865,  represents  a  general  kind  of  writ- 
ing midway  between  that  of  the  Lit  and  the  Record.  It  is  more 
radical,  and  less  traditionally  conservative  than  either  the  Lit  or  the 
News.  It  fills  somewhat  the  place  in  college  that  the  popular  maga- 
zine does  in  the  country  at  large. 

All  of  these  journals  are  open  to  contributions,  and  all  of  them, 
except  the  Lit,  are  open  to  editorial  membership  by  undergraduates 
in  both  the  College  and  the  Scientific  School.  In  addition,  Sheff 
has  the  Scientific  Monthly  as  the  individual  paper  of  that  depart- 
ment. This  paper  is  a  mirror  of  Sheffield  undergraduate  thought,  as 
well  as  a  field  for  the  scientific  writing  of  undergraduates  and  gradu- 
ates. 

One  of  the  most  happy  of  all  the  literary  activities  of  the  students, 
assuredly  the  most  delightful  and  ultimately  the  most  productive,  is 
the  number  of  the  small  clubs  devoted  exclusively  to  the  discussion 
of  literature  and  the  arts.  Most  notable  among  these  clubs  is  the 
Elizabethan  Club,  recently  established  with  a  beautiful  home  of  its 
own,  and  with  a  collection  of  the  most  valuable  rare  and  first  editions 
of  Elizabethan  literature  in  the  Western  Hemisphere.  The  estab- 
lishment of  this  club  has  given  an  impetus  to  book  collecting  as  an 
avocation  among  the  students,  and  the  literary  discussions  of  students 
and  Faculty  in  the  daily  afternoon  receptions  and  evening  meetings 


40  LIFE  AT  YALE 

of  this  club  have  opened  up  to  many  a  man  a  new  attitude  and  a  new 
interest  in  things  literary  and  artistic.  The  Pundits,  an  interest- 
ing club,  also  with  a  literary  motive,  has  existed  intermittently  since 
1884.  Ten  Seniors  compose  the  membership  of  this  club  each  year. 
The  sole  qualification  for  the  honor  of  membership,  which  is  self 
perpetuating,  is  that  a  man  shall  be  "Punditical"  :  he  must  have  an 
original  and  interesting  personality,  cultivate  some  hobby  outside 
of  the  regular  student  activities,  and  hate  Philistinism  with  all  his 
soul.  The  meetings  are  held  about  once  in  three  weeks.  The  ten 
men  sit  down  to  dinner  with  a  Faculty  member,  and  spend  the  eve- 
ning talking  about  anything  except  two  subjects,  which  are  strictly 
barred:  athletics  and  politics.  Small  clubs  of  a  somewhat  similar 
nature  are  the  Stevenson  Club,  Kipling  Club,  etc.,  the  Folio  Club, 
organized  some  years  ago  by  students  who  love  and  own  rare  old 
books,  and  the  Kit-Kat  Club,  consisting  of  all  the  men  who  in  Fresh- 
man and  Sophomore  year  have  won  literary  prizes. 

MUSICAL  AND  DRAMATIC  ACTIVITIES 

The  Glee  Club  and  Dramatic  Association  are  interesting  Yale 
activities.  The  origin  of  the  Glee  Club  was  haphazard.  In  the 
sixties  a  few  fellows  gave  a  concert  of  college  songs  in  one  of  the 
neighboring  towns.  As  the  experiment  proved  unexpectedly  success- 
ful, it  was  repeated  until  there  was  evolved  the  present  Glee  Club 
with  its  allied  Banjo  and  Mandolin  clubs,  its  trips  of  hundreds  of 
miles,  and  its  elaborate  organization.  This  continued  existence  of 
half  a  century  implies  that  it  has  found  a  place. 

By  the  nature  of  its  being,  the  social  qualities  are  less  emphasized 
by  the  Dramatic  Association,  and  those  of  service  more.  A  new- 
comer on  the  Campus,  the  Dramatic  Association  has  achieved  its 
present  high  position  by  the  excellence  of  its  work.  Founded  in  1900 
with  the  aim  of  producing  standard  plays,  such  plays  as  we  all  read 
but  rarely  see,  it  has  already  presented  such  typical  works  as,  of  the 
Elizabethan  drama,  Dekker's  Fair  Maid  of  the  West  and  Beaumont 
and  Fletcher's  Knight  of  the  Burning  Pestle;  of  Shakespeare,  such 
as  Henry  IV,  Part  I  and  The  Taming  of  the  Shrew;  of  satire,  such 
as  Sheridan's  Critic  and  Wilde's  The  Importance  of  Being  Earnest; 
of  modern  drama,  such  as  Ibsen's  The  Pretenders  (produced  for  the 
first  time  in  America)  and  original  translations  from  the  Italian  and 


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UNDERGRADUATE  ACTIVITIES  43 

Russian.  The  Association  is  presenting  in  Commencement  Week, 
1912,  a  play  written  specially  for  it  by  a  member  of  the  Yale  Eng- 
lish Faculty.  And  the  plays  are  astonishingly  well  done.  The  neces- 
sary lack  of  the  professional  star  is  compensated  by  the  even  balance 
of  the  cast.  More  and  more  the  annual  production  given  on  the 
Campus  during  Commencement  week  is  becoming  an  event  to  an 
increasing  number  of  alumni.  Those  of  us  who  were  fortunate 
enough  to  see  the  Merry  Wives,  played  as  in  Shakespeare's  time, 
entirely  by  men,  will  never  forget  the  charm  and  delicacy  of  the  old 
comedy  with  the  elms  forming  the  proscenium  arch. 


ATHLETICS 

The  activities  which  are  perhaps  most  characteristic  of  Yale  are 
the  various  forms  of  athletics. 

The  football  teams,  ending  their  annual  season  in  the  spectacular 
Yale-Harvard  or  Yale-Princeton  championship  contests,  are  known 
the  world  over.  These  great  games  have  stirred  the  imagination  of 
school  boys  for  generations.  Football  is  unquestionably  the  most 
popular  as  well  as  the  most  spectacular  of  the  undergraduate  activi- 
ties. Membership  on  the  Yale  football  team  is  the  ideal  of  thousands 
of  American  school  boys,  and  just  as  the  chairman  of  the  News  is 
the  most  influential  undergraduate,  so  the  captain  of  the  football  team 
is  the  most  prominent,  often  the  most  popular.  Football  engages 
approximately  two  hundred  men  in  outdoor  sport  during  the  fall. 
These  are  members  and  candidates  of  the  Freshman  teams,  the  substi- 
tute teams,  and  the  Varsity  Eleven,  and  everyone  of  these  two  hun- 
dred candidates,  whether  he  is  playing  as  substitute  on  the  Fresh- 
man team  or  on  one  of  the  University  squads,  has  as  his  goal 
membership  on  the  University  Eleven  and  the  winning  of  the  coveted 
football  "Y." 

Athletics  at  Yale  may  be  said  to  include  all  kinds  of  outdoor  sports, 
as  well  as  many  varieties  of  indoor  activities.  Probably  two-thirds 
of  the  men  in  college  at  some  time  during  the  year  take  part  in  some 
form  of  competitive  athletics.  The  new  University  athletic  field, 
which  is  being  provided  by  the  graduates,  is  to  contain  sufficient  play- 
ground space  for  one-half  of  the  undergraduate  body  to  be  engaged 
in  recreative  sport  at  the  same  time.  While  the  chief  interest  is  in 
the  championship  games  of  the  important  teams,  these  contests  com- 


44 


LIFE  AT  YALE 


prise  but  a  small  part  of  athletic  activity  at  Yale.  There  is  inter- 
collegiate competition  in  football,  rowing,  baseball,  track  athletics, 
tennis,  hockey,  basketball,  golf,  swimming,  soccer  football,  indoor 
gymnastics,  wrestling,  boxing,  fencing,  and  shooting.  From  fifty  to 
two  hundred  men  are  actively  engaged  in  competing  for  places  on  the 
University  or  Class  teams  in  almost  every  one  of  these  sports.  The 
entire  Freshman  Class  is  compelled  to  take  athletic  exercise  of  some 
sort;  on  the  regular  teams  if  they  desire  and  are  physically  able, 
otherwise  in  prescribed  gymnastic  exercise. 

The  Class  contests  and  the  preliminary  games  in  major  sports  are 
carried  on  at  Yale  Field,  an  immense  tract  of  land,  practically  quad- 
rupled in  size  by  the  recent  purchase  of  the  graduate  committee,  and 
now  containing  one  hundred  acres  for  contest  and  play-ground 
purposes. 

In  football,  while  a  stadium  provides  for  the  seating  of  some  thirty 
to  forty  thousand  spectators  at  the  big  games,  the  new  field  provides 


CROWDS  ENTERING  YALE  FIELD  FOR  THE  CHAMPIONSHIP 
FOOTBALL  GAME 


A  YALE-HARVARD  FOOTBALL  GAME 

Football  Day  in  New  Haven  comprises  a  festival  probably  unique  in  the 
country.  The  city  is  gay  with  the  thronging  crowds  of  eager  visitors.  Some 
40,000  spectators  watch  the  football  game,  packing  to  utmost  capacity  the  large 
amphitheater. 

for  a  half  dozen  gridirons  for  the  use  in  play  and  practice  of  as 
many  Class  and   "Scrub"   teams. 

Many  diamonds  provide  for  baseball  practice  and  contests  in  the 
spring.  The  interest  in  the  championship  baseball  games  at  Com- 
mencement time  is  enhanced  by  the  gay  crowds  of  relatives  and 
friends  of  the  Seniors  and  by  the  parti-colored  bands  of  graduates 
returned  for  their  Class  reunions.  A  characteristic  series  of  baseball 
games  is  conducted  during  the  spring  under  the  whimsical  auspices  of 
the  student  comic  paper,  the  Record.  This  series  consists  of  a  base- 
ball tournament  between  members  of  the  upper  classes  divided  against 
each  other  as  to  scholarship  standing.  As  upholding  the  sound  mind 
in  sound  body  theory  it  is  interesting  to  know  that  in  this  tourna- 
ment the  high  stand  men,  the  members  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa,  usually 
make  as  good  a  showing  as  the  "disappointments,"  those  men  whose 
stand  is  so  low  that  they  receive  no  scholarship  appointment  at  all. 
Other  baseball  contests  that  have  for  generations  enlivened  the  spring 
term  have  been  the  crossing  of  bats  between  the  "Yale  and  Harvard 
High  Brows,"  the  members  of  Phi  Beta  Kappa  at  these  universities 
and  the  contest  between  the  undergraduate  high  stand  scholars  and 
the  members  of  the  Faculty. 


46  LIFE  AT  YALE 

In  rowing,  a  large  boat  house  and  the  wide  stretch  of  the  New 
Haven  Harbor  provide  facilities  that  are  in  use  during  the  fall  and 
spring  by  a  score  of  eight  and  four-oared  crews,  as  well  as  for 
individual  and  dual  sculling.  The  annual  races  with  the  Harvard 
crews  take  place  on  the  Thames  river  near  E"ew  London,  Conn., 
immediately  following  the  Commencements  of  the  two  universities. 

Track  athletics  provide  exercise  and  diversion  for  many,  and  the 
outlying  streets  of  the  city  at  the  beginning  of  each  season  are 
streaked  with  squads  of  these  track  athletes  in  early  training.  In 
championship  competition,  dual  track  meets  are  held  with  Harvard 
and  Princeton,  followed,  late  in  the  spring,  by  the  intercollegiate 
meet,  which  includes  competitors  from  many  colleges. 

The  immense  gymnasium  floor  provides  space  for  basketball  prac- 
tice and  contests,  as  well  as  for  general  gymnastic  exercises.  Special 
rooms  in  the  gymnasium  are  adapted  for  wrestling,  fencing,  boxing, 
handball  and  squash.  The  Carnegie  pool,  one  of  the  largest  and  finest 
in  the  country,  provides  unusual  facilities  for  swimming,  and  a 
knowledge  and  practice  of  swimming  is  required  of  every  Freshman. 
A  large  skating  rink  near  Yale  Field  guarantees  a  supply  of  ice 
throughout  the  winter  for  hockey.  Tennis  courts  in  many  places,  on 


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48  LIFE  AT  YALE 

college  and  city  ground,  and  the  golf  links  of  the  New  Haven  Golf 
Club  provide  an  opportunity  for  enjoyment  and  contest  in  these 
games.  Soccer  football  is  played  on  Yale  Field.  The  Gun  Club 
has  grounds  near  the  regular  athletic  field. 

The  management  of  athletics  at  Yale,  in  itself  an  extensive  activ- 
ity, is  in  the  hands  of  the  students  themselves.     Each  of  the  major 
sports  of  football,  rowing,  baseball  and  track  has  an  organization  of 
its  own.     Another  organization  governs  the  remaining  minor  sports. 
These  organizations  are  united  in  the  general  organization,    "The 
Yale  University  Athletic  Association,"    composed  of  the  undergrad- 
uate captains  and  managers  of  each  of  the  major  sports,  the  president 
of  the  Minor  Athletic  Association,  and  five  graduates  selected  by 
the   undergraduate   captains.      The   financial   organization   of   this 
association,    by    a    cooperative    principle,    provides    for    the    heavy 
expenses    of   such    sports    as    rowing,    track,    etc.,    from   the    large 
receipts  of  the  football  and  baseball  teams.     The  general  athletic 
organization  makes  the  rules  for  insignia,  determining  what  a  man 
must  do  to  be  allowed  to  wear  a  "Y"  on  his  sweater  and  be  known  as 
a   "Y"   man.     These  rules  change  somewhat  from  time  to  time,  but 
in  general  the  award  of  the  "Y"  is  given  to  all  those  who  play  in 
the  final  championship  contests  in  football,  baseball  and  rowing,  who 
win  points  in  intercollegiate  or  championship  dual  track  games,  and 
to  a  few  who  win  special  marked  successes  in  minor  athletics.     Those 
who  represent  their  Class  in  final  athletic  contests  are  awarded  their 
Class  numerals.     In  general,  the  principle  of  undergraduate  con- 
trol of  athletics  has  always  been  maintained  at  Yale.     The  schedules 
of  contests,  the  eligibility  rules,  and,  from  time  to  time,  other  matters 
are  submitted  to  the  Faculty  for  approval,  but  it  has  been  traditional 
for  the  undergraduate  to  have  the  first  interest  and,  subject  only  to 
a  necessary  right  of  Faculty  veto,  the  final  decision  in  all  matters 
touching  his   athletic  affairs   as  well  as  his  literary,   musical   and 
society  interests. 

SOCIAL  LIFE 

All  of  the  undergraduate  activities  are,  of  course,  part  of  the  stu- 
dent's social  life.  Under  the  Yale  society  system  participation  in 
these  activities  becomes  not  only  a  part  of  social  life  but  an  item 
in  the  friendly  rivalry  for  social  honors.  The  traditional  social  sys- 
tem in  the  college  provides  not  only  for  election  to  societies  early 


UNDERGRADUATE  ACTIVITIES  49 

in  the  course,  but  for  other  selected  and  more  desired  social  honors  of 
Senior  year.  In  the  Scientific  School  this  dual  social  system  does 
not  exist,  but  the  honor  of  membership  on  the  Senior  councils  and 
the  numerous  important,  if  less  concrete,  awards  of  social  honor 
maintain  the  contest  for  distinction  in  both  undergraduate  depart- 
ments up  to  the  last  year  of  the  course.  In  the  Scientific  School 
the  upperclass  society  members,  comprising  about  one-half  the  men 
of  any  Class,  live  in  their  society  houses.  In  the  College  all  men 
live  together  in  dormitories  provided  or  approved  by  the  College, 
and  membership  or  non-membership  in  a  society  does  not  in  any 
way  affect  the  place  of  a  man's  residence. 

Life  at  Yale  is  complex,  many  sided,  marked  by  constant  competi- 
tion, enriched  by  facilities  for  social  intercourse.  In  general,  life  at 
Yale  is  clean  and  fair  and  healthy,  and  richer  and  more  inspiring 
than  any  which  these  same  men  have  lived,  or  will  live  at  any  other 
period  of  their  lives. 

From  papers  by 

WM.  LYON  PHELPS,  Class  of  1887, 
JOHN  M.  BERDAN,  Class  of  1896, 
WALTER  CAMP,  Class  of  1880. 


THE  YALE  GYMNASIUM 

Behind  the  mammoth  structure  of  the  Gymnasium  stand  the  Carnegie  Swim- 
ming Pool  and  an  indoor  track  and  baseball  field. 


THE  OLD  ENGLISH  LIBRARY  BUILDINGS 

The  small  buildings  which  form  the  wings  of  this  group  were  originally  the 
library  buildings  of  the  two  famous  literary  societies  of  the  early  half  of  the 
last  century,  "Linonia"  and  "Brothers  in  Unity."  The  collection  of  modern 
fiction,  successor  to  the  collections  of  these  societies,  is  still  called  the  "Linonia 
and  Brothers  Library." 


THE  KELIGIOUS  LIEE  AT  YALE 


Perhaps  the  most  striking  thing  about  the  Religious  Life  at  Yale 
is  its  reality.  Nowhere  as  much  as  in  college  are  sham  and 
pretense  avoided  and  certain  it  is  that  here  at  Yale  the  voluntary 
Religious  Life  of  the  University  bears  testimony  to  this  in  a  marked 
degree.  Here  Christian  truths  are  real  to  men  and  the  Freshman 
who  comes  to  college  with  the  desire  to  develop  a  well-rounded  char- 
acter will  find  some  of  the  strongest  men  in  the  University  leading 
in  what,  to  them,  is  not  merely  an  organization,  but  a  life.  He  will 
have  the  stimulating  power  of  their  friendships  to  help  him  in  the 
battles  that  he  must  fight  during  his  four  years  of  college — a  strik- 
ing contrast  to  the  influence  of  the  imaginary  "evil  companions'7 
with  whom  fond  parents  often  populate  a  college  community.  He 


EELIGIOUS  LIFE  51 

may  know  all  this  for  himself  if  he  will  but  ally  himself  with 
the  organized  Christian  work. 

The  organized  voluntary  Christian  work  at  Yale  may  be  said 
to  have  started  with  the  Christian  Social  Union  in  1879.  This 
name  was  changed  in  1881  to  "The  Yale  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association"  and  has  since  grown  into  seven  departmental  associa- 
tions under  the  general  name  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian  Associa- 
tion of  Yale  University.  The  seven  departments  having  their 
separate  organizations  are:  Academic  (Yale  College),  Sheffield, 
Graduate,  Law,  Medicine,  Theology,  and  Forestry.  These  associa- 
tions, by  means  of  Bible  classes,  religious  meetings,  social  and 
mission  work,  offer  to  men  the  means  for  expressing  and  developing 
their  Christian  faith. 

Membership  in  the  Association  is  of  two  kinds:  active  and  asso- 
ciate. Active  membership  is  open  to  all  members  of  Evangelical 
Churches  or  those  who  (in  case  they  do  not  happen  to  be  members 
of  Churches)  will  consent  to  an  Evangelical  statement.  The  Asso- 
ciate membership  is  open  to  all  who  do  not  care  to  become  active 
members. 

The  departments  having  the  largest  Associations  are  College 
and  Sheffield.  The  work  of  the  College  Association  finds  its 
center  in  a  building  on  the  Academic  campus,  known  as  Dwight 
Hall,  while  the  work  of  the  Sheffield  Association  has  its  home  in  a 
building  known  as  Byers  Hall  on  the  Sheffield  campus.  The  work 
of  the  Christian  Association  in  these  two  departments  is  called  by 
the  name  of  the  building  in  which  it  centers.  Thus  a  man  enter- 
ing the  College  would  hear  about  the  "Dwight  Hall  work"  while 
a  Sheffield  Freshman  would  hear  of  the  "Byers  Hall  work."  These 
two  buildings  are  also  used  by  the  other  departments  for  their 
meetings. 

On  Sunday  evenings  in  Dwight  Hall  and  on  Wednesday  evenings 
in  Byers  Hall  are  held  the  voluntary  religious  meetings  of  the  Uni- 
versity. At  these  meetings  are  heard  some  of  the  best  college  preach- 
ers as  well  as  some  of  the  most  successful  Christian  laymen  of  this 
country.  Bible  classes  under  Faculty  leadership  are  held  on  Wednes- 
day evenings  in  Dwight  Hall  and  on  Friday  evenings  in  Byers  Hall. 
Bible  study  is  also  carried  on  by  means  of  informal  groups  of  men 
who  meet  once  a  week  in  the  dormitories  to  discuss  some  problem 
connected  with  the  living  out  of  the  teachings  of  Christ.  The 


52  LIFE  AT  YALE 

whole  aim  of  the  Bible  study  work  is  to  stimulate  men  by  show- 
ing them  what  the  Bible, can  accomplish  in  a  man's  life. 

Besides  the  work  conducted  by  and  for  the  students  of  the  Uni- 
versity there  is  much  'done  by  the  Association  in  the  city  of 
JSTew  Haven.  The  foreign  population  is  large  and  some  fifty  men 
are  engaged  each  year  in  teaching  English,  Civics,  Mechanical  Draw- 
ing, etc.,  to  foreigners.  This  is  known  as  the  Industrial  work.  The 
Yale  Hope  Mission,  which  is  a  Rescue  Mission  for  abandoned  men, 
is  a  tremendous  source  of  inspiration  for  all  kinds  of  Christian 
work.  Here  one  may  see  the  religion  of  Christ  at  work,  reclaiming 
and  remaking  men. 

The  above  organizations,  together  with  many  smaller  boys'  clubs, 
Sunday  school  classes,  special  classes,  etc.,  provide  the  means  of 
expression  which  must  of  necessity  follow  impression  if  any  strength 
of  character  is  to  be  formed. 

These  activities  are  a  part  of  the  Christian  work  at  Yale.  They 
are  open  to  men  of  all  departments  of  the  University,  but  because 
of  the  question  of  time  the  two  departments  of  Academic  and  Shef- 
field furnish  by  far  the  greater  proportion  of  men.  Upon  entering 
any  department,  however,  a  man  will  find  strong  Christian  influ- 
ences, and  the  time  which  he  may  be  able  to  give  will  be  in  demand 
for  some  form  of  religious  work. 

The  Christian  Association  at  Yale  stands  high  in  the  regard  of 
the  Campus.  We  believe  that  in  few  universities  is  the  feeling 
so  strongly  in  favor  of  Christian  ideals  as  at  Yale.  There  are  weak 
spots  in  all  human  institutions,  and  there  are  weak  spots  in  the 
Yale  Christian  Association,  but  for  the  man  who  comes  to  college 
with  the  idea  of  getting  all  he  can  by  giving  all  he  can  the  religious 
life  of  the  University  will  be  a  vital  inspiration.  This  is  the  testi- 
mony of  man  after  man  who  has  come  to  college  with  a  sympathetic 
attitude  towards  religious  things.  He  has  found  a  high  moral  plane, 
a  willingness  on  the  part  of  most  men  to  work  hard,  an  unwarped 
sense  of  recreation  and  fun,  and  above  all,  the  companionship  of  men, 
to  whom  Christianity  is  not  merely  a  creed  but  the  more  abundant 
kind  of  life. 

SHERWOOD  S.  DAY,  1911. 


WOEKING  ONE'S  WAY 

What  does  Yale  mean  for  the  man  who  is  working  his  way? 
What  she  means  to  others  we  all  hear  repeatedly;  but  what  kind 
of  life  does  she  give  to  the  penniless  or  almost  penniless  boy,  who 
has  nothing  but  brains  and  courage  to  carry  him  through?  The 
life  she  offers  for  such  men  contains  many  hardships,  especially  at 
first;  but  it  also  contains  many  pleasant  experiences  which  a  man 
would  not  willingly  lose. 

As  in  most  experiences,  the  hardest  part  is  usually  the  first  dip. 
The  boy  has  probably  gone  to  see  the  wrestling  matches  the  night 
before  college  opens,  and  has  been  as  wildly  enthusiastic  there  as 
anybody.  But  as  he  steals  back  late  at  night,  all  alone,  to  the  remote 
little  chamber  which  is  all  that  he  can  afford,  he  is  apt  to  feel  with 
a  sinking  of  the  heart  that  his  undertaking  is  big  and  he  is  small. 
With  a  cold  feeling  around  his  stomach  he  counts  over  the  few  small 
greenbacks  which  stand  between  him  and  bankruptcy.  The  dark 
city  looks  huge  and  uncompromising.  The  distant  college  buildings 
seem  to  draw  down  their  eaves  like  the  frowning  eyebrows  of  an 
unpaid  treasurer  or  an  offended  dean.  The  impression  does  not 
leave  him  the  next  morning,  but  lingers  for  days.  All  things  in  his 
life,  classmates,  customs,  recitations,  are  new  and  strange;  and  the 
whole  world  seems  to  have  entered  into  a  conspiracy  to  make  Fresh- 
men feel  their  insignificance,  a  thing  he  felt  too  strongly  already. 

If  he  is  the  right  kind  of  man,  however,  he  will  not  yield  to 
such  depression.  He  must  do  or  die;  and  the  right  kind  of  Yale 
man  prefers  to  "do."  In  a  day  or  two  we  find  him  at  the  Self- 
Help  Bureau,  a  bureau  organized  on  purpose  to  give  needy  students 
work,  if  possible.  Here  'he  is  able  to  find,  perhaps,  a  place  where 
he  may  earn  his  meals  by  waiting  on  table ;  and  in  a  fortnight,  it  may 
be,  he  can  get  a  position  taking  care  of  some  one's  grounds  and  fur- 
nace for  two  dollars  a  week.  The  future  indicated  by  such  offers 
is  not  exactly  golden;  but  he  is  there  to  fight  out  his  fight  in  the 
good  old  Yale  way,  so  he  accepts  what  he  can  get,  and  plunges  ahead. 

Soon  his  life  falls  into  a  definite  routine.  Early  in  the  morning, 
passing  the  Campus  buildings  on  his  way  to  work,  he  imagines  that 
he  catches  from  neighboring  dormitories  the  snores  of  his  more  lux- 


WORKING  OOT2'S  WAY  55 

urious  classmates.  This  thought,  however,  is  not  wholly  one  of  envy. 
He  is  already  beginning  to  feel  the  excitement  of  a  fight  well  fought, 
and  a  certain  strenuous  pleasure  in  building  his  own  road  to  success. 
He  studies  hard,  partly  to  win  the  resulting  deduction  in  tuition, 
partly  to  gain  a  chance  to  earn  money  by  tutoring,  and  still  more 
because  the  sacrifices  which  he  is  making  for  his  education  teach  him 
how  much  that  education  is  worth.  He  makes  friends  slowly,  not 
because  he  is  poor  but  because  he  is  unknown  and  always  in  a  hurry, 
nevertheless  he  does  make  friends  and  begins  to  catch  glimpses  of  the 
great  warm  heart  beating  in  undergraduate  life. 

If  he  is  a  good  student  he  soon  gets  a  recommendation  from  his 
instructors  to  tutor  in  those  subjects  which  he  knows  best.  Oppor- 
tunities to  do  this  come  all  too  rarely ;  but  since  the  minimum  price 
is  a  dollar  an  hour,  even  a  few  hours  of  such  work  furnish  a  welcome 
addition  to  a  boy's  depleted  purse.  Also,  such  work  often  brings 
something  better  than  money.  It  brings  the  poor  tutor  into  touch 
with  classmates  whom  he  otherwise  might  never  meet ;  and  although 
they  often  look  on  him  with  reserve  at  first,  many  of  them  will 
eventually  become  his  friends  if  he  really  has  the  manhood  and  warm 
heart  that  command  friendship.  There  can  be  few  better  proofs  of 
Yale  democracy  than  the  picture  often  seen  on  the  eve  of  an 
important  examination,  when  a  strenuous  night's  work  of  tutoring 
is  over,  and  teacher  and  taught  relax  for  a  genial  social  hour  together 
over  club  sandwiches  and  beer. 

By  maintaining  a  good  stand,  the  struggling  student  at  the  end 
of  the  first  term  may  increase  the  amount  of  his  tuition  scholar- 
ship, the  money  from  which  wholly  or  in  large  part  pays  his  tui- 
tion. This  money  is  usually  not  given  outright  by  the  University, 
but  it  is  lent  without  interest  for  a  period  of  several  years,  until 
the  student  can  be  able  to  pay  it  back  without  severe  hardship  to 
himself.  A  good  scholar  may  pay  all  or  nearly  all  of  his  tuition 
through  college  by  this  means:  and  he  may  also  win  other  prizes 
and  scholarships  for  which  the  different  classes  in  turn  are  eligible. 

Freshman  year  passes,  and  Sophomore  and  Junior  years  follow. 
The  student  has  now  practically  solved  his  financial  problem.  He 
has  to  work  hard  and  will  have  to  work  hard  through  all  his  college 
course;  but  he  knows  now  that,  as  long  as  he.  is  willing  to  work, 
he  can  find  ways  of  completing  his  education.  Now  he  has  time  to 
consider  another  problem,  how  to  take  an  active  part  in  the  social 


56  LIFE  AT  YALE 

life  of  his  Class.  In  too  many  institutions  what  is  best  in  under- 
graduate social  life  is  forever  closed  to  the  self-help  man.  At  Yale, 
such  experience  may  be  belated  by  a  man's  poverty ;  but  if  he  is  the 
right  kind  of  man  he  may  be  sure  that  it  will  come  in  time.  Just 
how  it  comes  no  one  knows;  but  the  poor  man  who  has  any  special 
gift  in  him  sooner  or  later  will  find  leisure  to  exercise  it,  in  spite 
of  the  heavy  demands  on  his  time.  One  sturdy  lad,  who  before 
entering  college  had  never  done  anything  in  athletics,  becomes  a 
promising  football  man  in  Junior  year;  and  in  mingled  joy  and 
terror,  under  the  good-natured  coaching  of  a  friendly  "blue  blood," 
actually  blossoms  out  in  full  dress  at  the  Junior  Prom  as  one  of  the 
"big- men"  of  the  Class.  Or  again,  we  see  the  shy  son  of  a  country 
parson,  a  boy  who  had  been  a  nobody  in  his  Class  at  first,  become 
one  of  the  five  editors  of  the  Lit;  and  as  he  sits  with  his  colleagues 
in  the  Lit's  warm  sanctum  on  "make-up"  nights  he  hears  the  trem- 
bling steps  of  the  "heelers"  in  the  Class  below,  who  are  waiting  for 
the  verdict  of  Yale's  literary  supreme  court.  To  be  sure,  there  is 
little  rest  in  such  a  life:  money  to  earn  when  the  man  is  not 
studying;  outside  interests  to  labor  for  when  he  is  not  earning 
money ;  but  when  a  man  feels  that  he  is  "making  good,"  that  every 
day  is  bringing  new  knowledge,  new  friendships,  new  experience,  no 
matter  how  tired  he  may  creep  to  bed,  he  feels  that  "the  game  is 
worth  the  candle." 

Then  comes  Senior  year,  the  most  friendly,  sincere,  and  demo- 
cratic year  in  undergraduate  life.  The  long  leisure  hours  and 
expensive  outings  in  which  wealthy  Seniors  indulge,  the  self- 
help  man  cannot  reasonably  expect;  but  all  that  is  best  and  most 
significant  in  Senior  year,  the  opportunity  to  be  a  leader  in  his 
Class ;  the  opportunity  to  form  lifelong  friendships ;  the  opportunity 
to  grow  more  intelligent  and  manly  by  mixing  with  intelligent  and 
manly  young  men — all  this  is  open  to  the  poorest  man  in  the  class, 
if  he,  in  right  of  his  own  character  and  achievements,  deserves  it. 
As  the  man  who  has  worked  his  way  marches  in  the  long  procession 
of  graduating  Seniors  on  Commencement  day,  he  may  heave  a  sigh 
of  relief  that  the  most  arduous  period  of  his  life  is  over.  Yet  his 
second  sigh  will  be  one  of  regret  that  so  many  precious  experiences 
are  things  of  the  past.  And  some  of  those  men  would  go  through 
fire  and  water  rather  than  lose  what  those  four  years  have  meant  to 
them  and  will  mean  to  them  in  the  future. 

FREDERICK  E.  PIERCE,  Class  of  1904. 


GRADUATES  AT  A  DINNER  IN  CHICAGO  LISTENING  TO  TELEPHONE 
SPEECH  DELIVERED  BY  PRESIDENT  HADLEY  IN  NEW  HAVEN 


GEADUATE  INTEKEST  AND  ORGANIZATION 

When  all  is  said  and  done,  Yale's  chief  business  is  manufacturing 
graduates.  Men  enter  Yale  in  order  to  leave  it.  Somewhere  in  my 
memory  there  is  lurking  a  sentence  about  History  being  a  series  of 
Biographies.  There  is  a  smell  of  the  classroom  about  it — a  sense 
of  the  breeze  from  New  Haven  Harbor  and  of  loose-leaf  note  books. 
Some  sub-vice-under-instructor  of  old  Yale  lectured  that  epigram 
at  me.  Now  I'll  fling  it  back  in  Yale's  face.  Yale  is  just  a  series 
of  graduates.  They're  her  measure,  her  excuse. 

That  is  true  not  merely  because  Yale  is  a  graduate  factory. 
There's  another  reason  for  it,  and  the  story  of  that  other  reason  is 
an  endless  surprise  and  delight  to  me.  The  "recipients  of  degrees," 
as  the  catalogue  calls  them,  never  really  graduate  away  from  Yale. 
On  the  contrary  they  return  to  her,  to  crowd  into  her  halls  from 
all  New  England,  whenever  there  is  an  excuse  for  a  day's  holiday. 


58  LIFE  AT  YALE 

They  come  back  to  join  her  teaching  corps.  They  criticize  her 
mercilessly  and  joyously,  they  indignantly  meet  and  organize  and 
resolute  whenever  there  is  a  new  professor  to  install  or  an  old  flag- 
stone walk  to  remove.  They  build  her  dormitories,  and  pay  her 
professors,  and  bolster  her  over  the  hard  places,  and  get  their  fingers 
caught  in  her  machinery;  and  sometimes  they  snub  all  her  idols 
of  scholarship  and  professorial  research.  And  once  a  year  nearly 
every  one  of  them  meets  somewhere,  be  it  in  Hartford  or  Honolulu, 
be  he  a  last  year's  B.A.  or  a  reverend  gentleman  of  '66,  and  sings  and 
cheers  himself  hoarse  all  one  long  night  for  the  simple  and  solitary 
reason  that  he  went  to  Yale  like  the  other  men  beside  him.  He  does 
not  always  argue  the  cause  of  all  this.  But  he  knows  there  is  going 
marching  through  his  brain  a  regiment  of  old  memories,  gorgeous 
and  proud  and  tattered — like  the  ranks  of  ancient  battle  flags  that 
hang  above  the  aisles  in  so  many  of  England's  churches.  The  loyalty 
of  a  college  graduate  is  one  of  the  most  extraordinary  and  one  of  the 
humanest  things  in  the  world. 

The  graduates  of  Yale  are  thoroughly  organized.  That  is  one 
reason,  I  suppose,  why  their  accumulated  enthusiasm  is  sometimes 
so  overwhelming.  To  the  best  of  my  knowledge,  no  college  in  the 
world  has  the  great  federated  outposts  of  past-students  that  Yale  has. 
Nearly  every  first-size  city  in  America  has  some  kind  of  a  Yale  asso- 
ciation. New  York  has  a  full-fledged  Yale  Club, — on  Forty-fourth 
Street,  with  a  building,  and  a  mortgage  I  think,  and  a  membership 
as  long  as  Tammany  Hall,  and  all  the  other  modern  things  essential 
to  an  adult  club.  All  the  large  eastern  and  southern  towns  have  a 
Yale  association.  Some  of  them  are  almost  ancient.  Even  out  in 
Denver,  where  the  city  is  only  fifty  years  old,  there  is  a  big  Yale 
Association  founded  more  than  thirty  years  ago.  China,  Hawaii 
and  Japan  all  have  them.  There  are  eight  sprinkled  over  New 
York  State  alone,  and  five  on  the  Pacific  coast.  Many  of  the  groups 
are  business-like  organizations,  exhibiting  an  exchequer,  a  corporate 
charter  and  other  solemnities.  Some  of  them,  particularly  those  in 
the  far  corners  of  the  earth,  are  like  the  multitude  of  London  clubs 
that  Dickens  wrote  about.  They  consist  only  of  a  secretary  and  an 
annual  banquet.  If  three  Yale  men  were  ever  shipwrecked  together 
in  Tierra  del  Fuego,  and  did  not  give  a  Yale  dinner,  the  incident 
is  not  recorded.  Only  the  absence  of  a  menu  would  deter  them, 
and  in  that  case,  of  course,  the  incident  probably  never  could  be 


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A  REUNION  GEOUP  OF  GRADUATES  DURING  COMMENCEMENT  WEEK 

This  group,  which  includes,  third  from  left,  President  Taft,  Yale  1878,  is 
standing  at  the  corner  of  the  University  auditorium,  Woolsey  Hall.  Beyond  in 
the  picture  stands  "that  ridiculous  tower  of  South  Sheffield  Hall,  with  its 
battered  top-hat  of  an  observatory  pulled  down  over  its  ears." 

recorded.  It  is  the  commonest  thing  in  the  world  to  read  an  account 
in  the  Alumni  Weekly  of  half  a  dozen  Yale  men  meeting  by  chance 
in  some  Oriental  port,  dining  together  and  sending  a  report  of  the 
incident  six  or  eight  thousand  miles  to  New  Haven.  The  last  figures 
show  sixteen  thousand  living  Yale  graduates  and  thousands  more 
former  students  who  never  took  the  last  hurdle  and  got  a  degree. 
In  her  two  hundred  odd  years,  Yale  has  delivered  a  sheepskin  to 
twenty-six  thousand  men  and  turned  them  away  with  Godspeed. 
The  students  in  New  Haven  catch  sight  of  quaint  old  figures  every 
morning,  looking  for  the  old  half-forgotten  landmarks  that  have 
been  unvisited  for  a  quarter  of  a  century. 

The  graduate  associations  are  not  mere  reunion  clubs.  Most  of 
them  maintain  a  fund  which  loans  money  to  men  who  want  to  work 
their  way  through  Yale.  Some  of  them  spend  hundreds  of  dollars  a 


62  LIFE  AT  YALE 

year  at  this.  Nearly  all  of  them  are  informal  employment  bureaus, 
and  many  a  Yale  man  in  America  owes  his  right  to  a  pay-envelope 
to  the  graduates  in  his  neighborhood.  New  York  City  has  a  full- 
fledged  office  for  this  object.  The  associations  take  an  active  part 
in  the  work  of  the  central  graduate  Board  and 'of  ten  campaign  in 
the  election  for  the  six  graduates  who  serve  on  the  "corporation," 
as  it  is  called.  This  "corporation"  is  the  governing  body  of  the 
University. 

The  organization  of  graduates  does  not  end  with  the  scattered 
garrisons.  For  one  thing  there  is  a  big  western  federation  called  the 
Associated  Western  Yale  Clubs  which  holds  an  annual  convention. 
For  another,  every  association  elects  delegates  to  the  Alumni  Advisory 
Board.  This  is  a  sort  of  central  congress  which  is  the  official  mouth- 
piece for  the  scattered  army  of  graduates.  It  makes  reports  on 
solemn  affairs  like  financial  problems,  tuition,  and  entrance  require- 
ments. Just  now  as  I  write  it  is  proposing  to  build  a  great  athletic 
stadium,  and  to  buy  new  acreage  for  general  outdoor  exercise.  That 
Board  publishes  this  pamphlet.  Another  big  central  headquarters 
goes  under  the  name  of  the  "Alumni  University  Fund  Association 
of  Yale."  This  body  handles  the  flood  of  contributions  ranging 
from  somebody's  loyal  one  dollar  to  somebody  else's  hundred  thousand 
dollars,  which  streams  into  the  University  every  year  from  graduates 
in  the  four  corners  of  the  earth.  More  than  three  thousand  men 
contribute  something  to  this  fund  every  year. 

Besides  all  this  work  of  general  organization,  each  Yale  class  keeps 
up  steam  in  its  boilers  from  the  first  embarrassed  lecture  hour  of 
Freshman  year  until  the  last  survivor  quietly  drops  out  of  his  page 
in  "The  Directory  of  Living  Graduates."  Every  class,  as  it  comes 
to  Senior  year,  picks  out  a  Secretary  who  is  to  remain  the  permanent 
custodian  of  its  records.  Most  of  them  pick  a  New  Haven  man. 
Then,  nowadays,  a  fund  is  made  up  to  carry  on  the  work  and  to 
print  the  class  books  that  come  out  every  now  and  then  with  a 
chronicle  of  each  man's  career,  the  news  of  his  marriage,  his  chil- 
dren, and,  after  a  while,  of  his  grandchildren.  The  University 
maintains  a  Class  Secretaries  Bureau  whose  business  it  is  to  keep 
the  machinery  moving.  It  prods  up  the  tardy  secretaries  and  helps 
all  with  the  routine  of  statistics.  When  the  class  is  finally  extinct, 
the  fund  reverts  to  the  University. 


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ALUMNI  INTEKEST  65 

Most  of  the  younger  classes,  whose  membership  is  still  undepleted 
and  whose  bald  spots  are  still  inconspicuous,  have  annual  class  din- 
ners in  some  convenient  big  city.  At  these  the  committee  in  charge 
always  announces  that  a  along  distance  cup"  will  be  presented  to  the 
member  who  has  come  farthest  to  attend  the  dinner.  Sometimes  a 
graduate  conies  hundreds  of  miles  with  his  eye  on  one  of  the  cups 
and  loses  it;  and  in  the  next  room,  at  another  class  dinner,  it  may 
go  to  a  man  who  lives  almost  across  the  street  from  the  dining-room. 
The  greatest  of  the  class  jubilees,  however, —  and  to  many  Yale 
men  the  greatest  events  in  their  lives — are  the  commencement 
reunions.  Nobody  knows  where  this  custom  started,  but  it  is  going  to 
end  some  fine  June  night  in  the  complete  destruction  of  New  Haven. 
Tradition  decrees  that  the  third,  the  sixth,  the  tenth,  and  then  about 
every  fifth  year  on,  from  graduation,  each  Yale  class  shall  gather 
its  clans  at  the  University  commencement  exercises.  Each  Yale  class 
does.  Tradition  likewise  decrees  that  each  Yale  class  aforesaid  shall 
for  three  days  and  three  nights  appear  only  in  costume,  and  whether 
tradition  has  issued  any  papal  bulls  on  this  point  or  not,  the  fact  is 
that  the  costumes  are  "sui  generis"  and  "ne  plus  ultra"  to  the 
last  inch.  A  class  dinner  or  two  is  held,  the  "class  boy"  (the  first 
son  born  to  any  member)  is  proclaimed  and  installed,  the  classes 
march  to,  and  usually  completely  into  and  over,  the  commencement 
baseball  game;  the  president  of  the  University,  the  dean  and  a 
favorite  professor  or  two  are  called  upon  for  a  speech  on  the  front 
porch,  and  the  members  scatter  again  to  their  work-a-day  life.  It 
isn't  exactly  a  dignified  proceeding,  after  all.  But  I  know  supreme 
court  judges  and  gray-haired  men  of  God  who  talk  as  if  they  only 
tolerated  life  between  one  reunion  and  another. 

In  all  these  class  activities,  the  Yale  Alumni  Weekly  plays  a  great 
part.  Out  of  a  heap  of  new  magazines  on  the  library  table,  I  catch 
myself  picking  up  this  first  from  among  them,  and  I  find,  too,  that 
when  it  is  in  my  hand,  I  turn  first  to  the  back  pages  where  they 
publish  casual  notes  of  my  scattered  classmates.  Its  bountiful  illus- 
trations, its  record  of  undergraduate  events,  its  pages  of  fiery  corre- 
spondence over  some  recent  Yale  defeat  or  victory,  the  accounts  of 
polar  expeditions  and  new  dormitory  buildings — everything  that 
goes  to  make  it  one  of  the  most  efficient  magazines  in  America — have 
their  turn.  But  the  backnumbers  all  open  in  your  hand  to  a  certain 
part  of  "Alumni  Notes,"  among  the  advertisements.  Only  yester- 


66  LIFE  AT  YALE 

day  afternoon,  it  seems,  we  were  the  newest  class,  down  at  the  end  of 
the  long  columns.  Only  a  little  while  ago  the  notes  were  all  records 
of  young  men  entering  business.  There  aren't  many  of  those  now. 
Then  there  was  a  period  of  marriage  announcements,  and  then  a 
blizzard  of  sons  and  daughters,  all  named  after  their  fathers  whom  I 
knew.  The  notes  of  my  class  are  steadily  moving  to  the  head  of  the 
column.  They  are  growing  fewer.  There  is  less  to  record. 

About  the  graduates  of  Yale  as  individuals,  volumes  can  be  and 
have  been  written.  One  of  our  graduates,  as  I  write,  is  President 
of  the  United  States.  This  president  is  surrounded  in  the  Federal 
government  by  a  whole  community  of  other  Yale  men.  One  of  his 
bitterest  political  critics  is  another  Yale  graduate.  They  are  among 
the  leaders  on  both  sides  in  the  revolution  that  is  troubling  China. 
Many  younger  universities  and  colleges  have  been  founded  by  the 
labors  of  Yale  graduates,  and  I  can  count  off-hand  judges,  state 
governors,  poets,  writers  and  men  of  science,  among  them, — a  list 
in  which  every  name  would  be  familiar  to  you.  Notwithstanding 
all  this,  the  real  pride  of  Yale  in  her  graduates  rests  on  another 
ground.  One  man  has  said  that  in  his  experience,  wherever  the  civic 
warfare  was  sternest,  wherever  he  felt  the  pressure  for  good  citizen- 
ship the  severest,  he  found  Yale  men  around  him.  That  sort  of  idea 
among  her  graduates  is  Yale's  boast.  Her  pride  is  in  a  legion  of 
sturdy  citizens,  mostly  undistinguished,  always  intelligent  and  help- 
ful, who  have  been  for  these  centuries  scattering  from  her  doors 
to  every  corner  of  the  world. 

A  few  years  ago  the  two  hundredth  anniversary  of  the  founda- 
tion of  Yale  University — the  Bicentennial  as  it  is  familiarly  called — 
was  celebrated  in  New  Haven.  It  was  a  great  festival,  marked  by 
years  of  preparation  and  rich  gifts  to  the  institution,  attended  by 
official  representatives  from  many  countries,  lasting  for  days  and 
conducted  with  all  the  pomp  and  display  of  the  world's  great  con- 
claves. The  graduates,  in  particular,  flocked  in  hundreds  to  New 
Haven.  One  night  in  the  course  of  the  celebration,  a  sort  of  torch- 
light presentation  of  epochs  in  Yale  history  was  given  before  the 
visitors  and  the  students  in  the  Campus.  When  I  stop  to  think  of  the 
graduates  of  Yale,  as  time  carries  me  on  in  its  current,  I  find  that 
my  recollections  always  reenact  that  night.  We  freshmen  were  hud- 
dled in  benches  close  down  by  the  footlights.  The  glare  of  the  arti- 
ficial illumination  made  the  dormitories  and  the  elms  around  us  inky 


ALUMNI  INTEREST 


67 


black,  and  the  night  behind  us  was  impenetrable.  Banked  behind 
and  around  in  a  sort  of  amphitheatre  were  the  graduates,  class  by 
class,  in  tiers  of  temporary  seats  rising  high  above  our  heads.  We 
could  not  see  them.  Only  our  knowledge  of  the  arrangements  and  a 
rustle  in  the  dark  told  us  that  they  were  there.  Something  started 
them  cheering.  As  I  think  of  it  now,  there's  a  lump  comes  into  my 
throat  and  a  stir  in  my  pulse.  The  Class  of  Nineteen  Hundred  stood 
up  in  the  dark  and  cheered  for  'Seventy-eight,  and  'Seventy-eight 
cheered  them.  Class  after  class  picked  up  the  cheer  and  flung  it  back 
across  the  arena.  The  roar  of  the  voices  of  those  invisible  men  is 
rumbling  to  and  fro  across  my  memory  now.  It  was  the  roar  of  old 
Yale's  machinery,  the  sound  of  the  business  of  making  men,  accumu- 
lated for  a  long  two  hundred  years.  I  cannot  remember  the  play  they 
played  that  night,  or  what  man,  sat  at  my  side,  but  I  do  know  that 
three  hundred  freshmen  learned  with  me  a  little  of  what  it  is  to 


be  a  graduate  of  Yale. 


JAMES  GRAFTON  ROGERS,  Class  of  1905. 


THE  YALE  FOREST  SCHOOL 

Organized  in  1900,  the  Yale  Forest  School  has  quickly  made  an  important 
place  for  itself  among  the  University  departments.  Its  two-years  course,  open 
to  college  graduates,  includes,  besides  regular  instruction  in  New  Haven,  a  term 
of  practical  work  in  a  large  lumbering  camp,  and  a  summer  term  at  the  home 
in  Milford,  Pa.,  of  the  late  James  W.  Pinchot,  father  of  Gifford  Pinchot,  Yale 
Class  of  1889,  former  U.  S.  Forest  Chief,  and  a  patron  of  the  School. 


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THE  YALE  MAN'S  NEW  HAVEN 

The  city  in  which  a  student  at  Yale  finds  himself  is  a  typical 
New  England  manufacturing  center,  strongly  affected  in  aspect  and 
character  by  the  great  University  which  is  its  best  known  citizen. 
It  is  situated  on  Long  Island  Sound  seventy-three  miles  east  of  New 
York  City  and  forms  a  natural  gateway  to  New  England.  A  city 
of  one  hundred  and  thirty-five  thousand  inhabitants,  it  gives  the 
impression  of  being  a  much  smaller  town.  This  impression  of  a 
large  New  England  village  rather  than  a  city  comes  from  the  lack 
of  a  highly  centralized  business  section,  the  scattered  distribution  of 
the  manufactories  and  residences,  and  from  the  spacious  and  beau- 
tiful Green,  which  occupies  four  large  blocks  in  the  city's  center. 
The  College  Campus  is  situated  near  the  old  geographic  center  of 
the  city,  in  its  present  business  section.  Standing  at  the  west  of  the 
old  city  Green,  and  at  the  north  of  the  principal  business  street 
(Chapel  Street),  the  old  College  Campus  forms  a  quadrangle,  a  part 
of  which  it  has  occupied  for  nearly  two  hundred  years.  The  Uni- 
versity buildings  stretch  from  this  old  quadrangle  for  more  than  a 
mile  northward  to  the  large  Pierson-Sage  Square  and  the  grounds 
of  the  Forest  School  and  the  Observatory  on  Prospect  Hill.  The 
Campuses  and  buildings  extend  from  the  seat  of  the  city's  business 
to  the  site  of  its  best  residences. 

Starting  with  the  ludicrously  dingy  railroad  station,  illumined  and 
enlivened  by  the  presence  and  friendly  greetings  of  throngs  of  arriv- 
ing students,  the  way  leads  through  a  street  now  bordered  by  old 
houses,  once  aristocratic  residences.  Arriving  at  the  city  Green  at 
the  corner  of  Church  and  Chapel  streets,  one  stands  at  the  cross 
roads  of  all  the  business  of  New  Haven.  Church  Street,  running 
north  and  south,  is,  down-town,  the  home  of  banks  and  offices  and 
the  imposing  architecture  of  new  municipal  buildings.  To  the  north 
Church  Street  turns  into  Whitney  Avenue.  This  avenue,  bordered 
by  attractive,  modest  houses  surrounded  by  ample  lawns,  which 
characterize  New  Haven  homes,  leads  north  to  Lake  Whitney, 
a  delightful  little  inland  lake  furnishing  canoeing  in  summer  and 
skating  in  winter.  To  the  south,  Church  Street  becomes  Congress 
Avenue,  the  seat  of  less  important  trade.  To  the  southeast,  at  the 


70  LIFE  AT  YALE 

entrance  to  New  Haven  harbor,  is  Savin  Rock,  the  miniature  Coney 
Island  and  Atlantic  City  of  this  New  England  sea-board.  Chapel 
Street,  which  intersects  the  other  chief  business  street,  runs  east 
through  the  retail  and  wholesale  section  and  beyond  the  harbor,  by 
huge  manufactories,  to  the  pleasant,  undulating  country  of  East 
Haven,  Lake  Saltonstall,  and  southward,  to  the  graceful  coast  of 
Long  Island  Sound.  To  the  west,  Chapel  Street  divides  the  shopping 
district  from  the  old  city  Green  and  from  the  College  Campus,  and 
leads  on  to  the  Yale  athletic  field  at  the  southwest,  and  to  a  resi- 
dence district  which  includes,  to  the  northwest,  Marvelwood  and  the 
"Farm  in  Edgewood"  of  Donald  G.  Mitchell,  known  to  the  literary 
world  as  "Ik  Marvel.'7 

However,  before  an  entering  student  knows  much  of  the  outlying 
sections,  he  will  have  begun  his  work  at  Yale.     He  will  gradually 
acquaint  himself  with  the  community  and  with  the  life  of  the  city 
touching  Yale.     He  can  conveniently  buy  what  he  wants  at  the 
general  city  stores  and  the  special  shops  which  cater    "exclusively" 
to  college  trade.     He  will  be  able  to  attend  musical  concerts,  lectures 
and  like  forms  of  entertainment  which  are  provided  for  the  city 
largely  by  the  University.     Theatres,  with  New  Haven's  proximity 
to  New  York,  present  the  best  plays  of  the  season  as  well  as  other 
theatrical  entertainment.     The  Hotel  Taft,  named  for  one  of  Yale's 
prominent  graduates,  and  a  number  of  smaller  hostelries  and  restau- 
rants satisfy  the  normal  demand  of  the  city  and  college,  and  over- 
flow at  times  of  college  festival.     The  city  churches  of  all  denomi- 
nations extend  genuine  welcome  to  Yale  students  whenever  they 
wander  from  the  religious  services  of  the  University.     By  their  func- 
tions as  well  as  through  their  representatives,  they  enable  many  a 
boy  to  feel  himself  still  in  touch  with  his  church  home.     The  stu- 
dents also  take  a  part  in  the  social  life  of  New  Haven.     There  are 
a  number  of  formal  entertainments  for  members  of  the  University 
given  throughout  the  college  year  by  the  President  and  members  of 
the  Faculty.     There  is  probably  even  more  personal  pleasure  derived 
from  the  less  formal  affairs  to  which  the  students  are  constantly 
being  bidden  and  by  means  of  which  they  come  in  contact  with  the 
families  of  the  professors.     And  such  hospitality  is  not  received  from 
those  families  alone.     Many  a  fellow  shares  in  the  social  life  of 
families  in  New  Haven  who  are  otherwise  unconnected  with  the  Uni- 
versity.    It  is  safe  to  say  that  practically  every  Yale  man  knows  at 


THE  CITY  OF  NEW  HAVEN  71 

least  one  or  two  families  in  the  city  in  whose  home  he  is  a  frequent 
and  welcome  visitor. 

There  is  yet  another  aspect  of  New  Haven  of  which  the  boys 
become  aware  as  they  work  and  play  within  its  precincts,  if  indeed 
they  have  not  realized  it  at  the  start.  Everywhere  there  are  evi- 
dences of  a  long  and  noteworthy  past.  No  place  could  be  typical 
of  New  England  without  such  evidences  and  New  Haven  is  rich 
in  them.  For  the  boy  who  can  feel  the  spirit  and  poetry  of  the 


THE  THREE  CHURCHES  ON  THE  GREEN 

Center  Church  is  the  successor  of  the  old  Quinnipiac  meeting  house  and  stands 
near  the  site  of  the  old  structure  which  the  colonists  erected  in  1639  as  one  of 
the  first  buildings  of  the  new  colony.  Beyond  the  churches  in  this  view  is  seen 
the  outline  of  the  College  buildings. 


place,  there  still  exist  the  now  shadowy  memories  of  Puritan  and 
Nonconformist,  Cavalier  and  exiled  Roundhead,  Constitution- 
maker  and  Continental  soldier,  Tories  and  Patriots;  for  such  a  lad 
a  Benedict  Arnold  still  smuggles  on  the  harbor  front  and  a  Nathan 
Hale  still  walks  the  campus,  a  Noah  Webster  and  a  Percival,  an  Eli 
Whitney  and  a  poet  Hillhouse  still  people  its  old  streets  and  pass 
again  in  and  out  of  the  garden  gates  of  ancient,  vanished  houses. 
Its  old  wharves  are  standing  reminders  of  the  earliest  days  of  the 
West  Indies  trade  with  the  colonies,  its  harbor  shore  still  shows  the 
earth  forts  thrown  up  to  fight  off  the  British  ships  in  the  War  of 
1812,  its  oldest  water-front  streets  are  still  lined  with  the  once  great 
mansions  of  the  ship-owners  of  the  eighteenth  century,  its  Green  is 


72  LIFE  AT  YALE 

still  the  same  old  English  village  common,  on  many  of  its  streets  in 
the  older  part  of  the  town  still  stand  houses  which  date  back  to  the 
years  before  the  Declaration  of  Independence,  in  its  famous  Grove 
Street  Cemetery  (said  to  be  the  first  burying  ground  in  the  world 
to  be  laid  out  in  family  plots)  lie  Puritan  and  Continental  soldier, 
inventor  and  scholar,  side  by  side  with  later  mayors  and  manufac- 
turers, the  honor  roll  of  its  two  hundred  and  seventy-five  years  of 
history. 

The  college  undergraduate  who  will  stroll  out  some  afternoon  from 
the  campus  and  step  two  blocks  across  Chapel  Street  to  the  corner 
of  College  and  George  streets,  will  see  there  a  building  on  which 
is  a  tablet  commemorating  the  landing  on  that  spot  in  1637  of  the 
first  shipload  of  settlers  from  England.  There,  in  small  boats  fol- 
lowing the  creek  which  then  ran  up  into  what  is  now  the  center  of 
the  city,  a  company  of  London  Puritans,  under  Rev.  John  Daven- 
port and  his  old  friend  and  neighbor,  Theophilus  Eaton,  first  set 
foot  On  New  Haven  soil  and  under  the  oak  tree  that  stood  there  went 
onto  their  knees  to  thank  God  for  their  safe  landing.  A  stained 
glass  window  in  the  west  wall  of  Center  Church  depicts  to-day  the 
historic  scene.  A  garrison  was  left  to  hold  the  land  through  the 
winter,  and  the  next  year,  1638,  John  Davenport  returned  from 
Boston  with  more  settlers,  title  was  secured  from  the  Indians,  the 
place  named  "Quinnipiac,"  a  rendering  of  the  Indian  name  for 
"Long-water,"  and  the  land  laid  out. 

The  undergraduate  who  looks  to-day  from  his  room  in  Farnam 
or  Welch  Halls  onto  the  Green  is  looking  at  part  of  the  original  nine 
squares  of  the  settlement.  One  square  was  set  aside  for  a  public 
meeting  place,  burying  ground,  church,  and  watch  house.  In 
1639,  the  first  meeting  house  was  erected  somewhat  east  of  the  present 
Center  Church,  which  dates  from  1814.  On  the  old  common  was  the 
town  pump  as  well  as  the  town  stocks,  pillory,  and  whipping  post. 
Cattle  were  pastured  here  far  into  the  eighteenth  century  and  pigs 
wallowed  in  the  mire  around  the  pump.  Sand  covered  the  Green 
then,  and  it  was  largely  to  keep  this  from  shifting  that  the  elm  trees 
(which  have  given  the  city  its  second  name)  were  set  out  in  1792 
by  James  Hillhouse.  Benedict  Arnold  figures  as  the  first  actor  on 
the  Green  in  the  Revolution.  When  that  war  broke  out,  Arnold  was 
the  captain  of  the  Governor's  Foot  Guard,  an  honorable  and  resplen- 
dent local  militia  company  which  has  kept  its  organization  to  this 


THE  CITY  OF  NEW  HAVEN  73 

time  and  which  frequently  interrupts  College  recitations  by  parading 
gloriously  down  Chapel  Street  to  the  martial  strains  of  a  band.  The 
Battle  of  Lexington  came  suddenly  on  April  19,  1775,  and  at  noon, 
two  days  later,  a  courier  galloped  into  New  Haven  from  the  east  with 
the  tremendous  news.  Captain  Benedict  Arnold  at  once  called  out  his 
Foot  Guard  and  the  next  day  demanded  powder  and  bullets  from 
the  town  committee.  The  present  Foot  Guard  annually  reenacts 
the  scene  to-day  wearing  its  dress  uniform  of  brilliant  red,  a  survival 
from  colonial  days.  That  afternoon  Arnold,  never  to  appear  in  New 
Haven  again,  led  his  handful  of  New  Haven  patriots  out  of  the 
town,  going  by  way  of  Whitney  Avenue  and  the  old  Hartford  Turn- 
pike (back  of  the  present  Country  Club)  to  Hartford  and  Cambridge. 
New  Haven  has  never  been  proud  of  Benedict  Arnold.  Yet  he  was 
good  company  and  a  leader  in  whatever  fun  the  youth  of  the  town 
resorted  to.  I  do  not  know  that  local  tradition  is  right  in  linking 
his  name  with  that  of  Nathan  Hale  in  this  New  Haven  period  before 
the  Eevolution.  But  Hale — of  the  Class  of  1773 — was  in  Yale  then 
and  was  also  a  town  social  favorite.  Perhaps  the  two  youths,  whose 
futures  were  to  be  so  widely  separated,  met  at  more  than  one  town 
social  affair.  Undoubtedly  they  must  have  known  each  other.  Gen- 
eral Washington  reviewed  the  Yale  Military  Company  (under  the 
command  of  a  student-lieutenant  named  Noah  Webster)  on  the  Green 
as  he  was  on  his  way  to  take  command  of  the  Continental  Army  at 
Cambridge.  Again  in  1779,  a  company  of  local  patriots  marched 
to  meet  the  British  invaders  who  had  landed  on  the  shores  of  the 
harbor.  The  trained  regulars  proved  too  powerful  for  the  valiant 
patriots  and  the  British  camped  on  the  Green  that  night.  There, 
in  1781,  the  people  held  a  great  public  celebration  over  the  surrender 
of  Cornwallis.  President  Washington  and  General  Lafayette  were 
later  received  in  splendid  style  on  the  old  common.  During  the 
Civil  War  the  Green  was  the  scene  of  the  departure  of  the  local 
regiments  for  the  front,  and  for  the  subsequent  mustering  out.  From 
1827  to  1889,  the  Connecticut  State  Capitol  also  stood  on  this 
ground,  as  New  Haven  and  Hartford  were  for  some  time  twin 
capitals  of  the  state. 

Leaving  the  Green,  the  very  names  of  the  city  streets  proclaim 
its  history.  On  Elm  Street,  at  its  north,  the  elm  trees  were  first 
planted.  Where  it  crosses  Broadway  is  the  junction  of  three  other 
thoroughfares,  Whalley  and  Dixwell  avenues  and  Goffe  Street. 


74  LIFE  AT  YALE 

These  are  named  for  the  regicides  who  fled  hither  after  the  English 
Restoration  in  1660.  The  undergraduates  frequently  tramp  along 
Whalley  Avenue,  through  Westville,  to  West  Rock,  on  whose  summit 
is  the  famous  "Judges'  Cave"  where  Whalley  and  Goffe  hid  from  the 
royal  officers.  Dixwell  came  to  New  Haven  later  to  live  under 
an  assumed  name.  At  his  death,  his  identity  was  revealed  and  he 
was  buried  on  the  Green  where  his  monument  can  now  be  seen 
behind  Center  Church.  Whitney,  Hillhouse,  Davenport,  and  Sher- 
man avenues,  Eaton,  Lamberton,  Humphrey,  and  Wooster  streets, 
as  well  as  Gregson  Alley,  all  are  reminiscent  of  prominent  men  of 
colonial  days.  A  journey  northward  along  Whitney  Avenue  leads 
to  East  Rock  and  Lake  Whitney. 

At  the  western  base  of  East  Rock,  the  undergraduate  interested  in 
manufacturing  will  find  himself  on  sacred  ground.  Here,  just  under 
the  present  Lake  Whitney  dam  on  the  right  hand  of  the  avenue, 
once  stood  the  small  factory  of  stucco  where  the  first  interchange- 
able part  modern  guns  were  made.  Eli  Whitney,  who  was  graduated 
from  Yale  College  in  1792,  was  the  greatest  mechanical  genius  of  his 
day,  and  one  of  the  greatest  in  American  history.  He  invented  his 
famous  cotton  gin  the  year  after  he  left  Yale,  when  in  the  South. 
This  invention  was  so  valuable  and  so  revolutionized  the  cotton 
industry  that  hundreds  of  infringements  of  his  patent  finally  beg- 
gared him  by  1798,  at  which  time  he  dropped  his  lawsuits,  secured 
the  contract  to  furnish  the  government  with  12,000  stands  of  arms 
and  returned  to  his  college  town  to  make  them.  Entirely  ignorant 
of  the  way  to  make  these  guns,  Whitney  immediately  set  out  to 
invent  a  system  of  his  own.  Machines  of  all  kinds  were  in  those 
days  constructed  on  the  single  piece  order,  and  a  gun  that  was 
broken  in  one  part  had  to  be  thrown  away.  Whitney  made  his  guns 
on  the  interchangeable  part  system — an  idea  of  his  own — thus  invent- 
ing a  manufacturing  method  which  is  in  universal  use  to-day.  This, 
while  not  so  famous  as  his  cotton  gin,  revolutionized  modern  manu- 
facturing. The  Colt  revolvers  were  first  made  at  this  little  factory. 
In  1911  were  still  to  be  seen  the  row  of  stucco  houses  on  Armory 
Street  under  Mill  Rock,  which  Eli  Whitney  built  to  house  his  skilled 
workmen.  New  Haven's  prestige  as  a  center  for  the  manufacture 
of  fire  arms  continues  to-day  in  the  several  factories  of  the  Winchester 
Repeating  Arms  Company.  It  is  worthy  of  note,  in  passing,  that 
New  Haven  was  the  home  and  burial  place  of  Charles  Goodyear,  the 
inventor  of  vulcanized  rubber. 


THE  CITY  OF  NEW  HAVEN  75 

Noah  Webster,  James  Gates  Percival,  EitzGreene  Hallock,  James 
Hillhouse,  Jedediah  Morse  and  Donald  G.  Mitchell  (Ik  Marvel),  are 
the  striking  names  that  occur  first  to  the  undergraduate  who  is  inter- 
ested in  the  early  literary  associations  of  the  place.  John  Daven- 
port, Ezekiel  Cheever,  Jonathan  Edwards,  and  Michael  Wiggles- 
worth  also  have  claim  to  American  literary  fame.  Noah  Webster 
edited  his  great  Dictionary  in  New  Haven,  whither  he  returned  to 
make  his  home  several  years  after  his  graduation  from  Yale  in  1778. 
He  lived  at  one  time  in  a  house  on  the  present  site  of  the  Uni- 
versity auditorium,  Woolsey  Hall;  his  death  occurred  in  the  old 
Trowbridge  house  still  standing  on  the  corner  of  Temple  and  Grove 
streets.  James  A.  Hillhouse,  of  the  Class  of  1808,  was  a  poet  of 
considerable  repute  at  the  time,  writing  for  the  Phi  Beta  Kappa 
exercises  at  Yale  in  1812.  His  home,  long  known  as  Hillhouse 
Place,  was  one  of  the  sightliest  residences  in  the  vicinity;  it  has 
recently  become  the  Pierson-Sage  Square  of  Yale  University.  New 
Haven's  greatest  claim  to  literary  fame,  however,  may  yet  rest  on  her 
possession  of  Donald  G.  Mitchell,  the  "Ik  Marvel"  of  those  most 
quaint  and  poetical  and  charming  books,  "Reveries  of  a  Bachelor" 
and  "Dream  Life."  He  wrote  his  "Reveries"  at  the  old  family 
farmhouse  in  Salem,  Conn.,  and  later  moved  permanently  to  Edge- 
wood,  in  Westville,  overlooking  New  Haven.  Here  he  long  lived 
the  life  of  a  scholar  and  country  gentleman,  publishing  a  series  of 
delightful  volumes,  of  which  his  "My  Earm  at  Edgewood"  is  per- 
haps the  most  popular  and  the  best.  When  men  who  are  still  young 
were  students  at  Yale  he  was  an  occasional  and  honored  visitor  at 
their  literary  banquets,  and  for  many  years  he  was  a  constant  and 
well  known  visitor  to  the  college  campus  and  library.  Until  his 
recent  death,  he  could  regularly  be  met  with  by  undergraduate 
trampers  of  spring  and  fall  afternoons,  driving  about  Woodbridge 
and  the  city  in  his  low  phaeton.  To  the  New  Haven  of  yesterday  he 
brought  back  the  early  days  of  Washington  Irving  and  Poe  and  Haw- 
thorne, whom  he  knew  as  a  younger  man,  and  with  whom  he  will 
always  be  classed  as  an  American  literary  pioneer. 

Erom  papers  by 

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SKETCH  OF  THE  HISTORY  OF  YALE 

In  the  year  1701  half  a  dozen  Connecticut  preachers  came  together 
at  the  house  of  one  of  their  number  in  Branford  and  each  in  turn 
setting  down  an  arm  load  of  books,  announced  "I  give  these  books 
for  the  founding  of  a  college  in  Connecticut."  This  is  the  tradi- 
tional beginning  of  Yale.  In  the  same  year  the  legislature  passed  an 
act  of  liberty  to  erect  a  " Collegiate  School77  wherein  Youth 
might  "be  instructed  in  the  Arts  and  Sciences77  and  "fitted  for  Pub- 
lick  employment  both  in  Church  and  Civil  State.77  In  the  fall  of 
the  same  year  seven  trustees  met  in  Saybrook,  at  the  mouth  of  the 
Connecticut  River,  and  organized  the  College.  They  voted  to  fix 
the  school  at  Saybrook  and  elected  Rev.  Abraham  Pierson  rector. 
The  new  College  remained  in  Saybrook  for  fifteen  years,  though  in 
fact  much  of  the  work  was  done  elsewhere.  Rector  Pierson  remained 
at  his  home  in  Killingworth  and  taught  the  students  there,  and  his 
successor,  Rev.  Samuel  Andrew,  stayed  at  his  home  in  Milford  and 
kept  the  seniors  in  that  place.  But  the  Commencement  was  observed 
each  year  in  Saybrook  until  1716. 

The  collection  of  books  which  brought  the  College  into  being, 
increasing  in  number,  required  an  adequate  depository,  and  the  pro- 
ject of  this  building  and  other  considerations  forced  action  on  the 
whole  question  of  the  permanent  site  of  the  College.  In  1716  this 
question,  after  a  bitter  controversy,  was  decided  by  a  majority  vote 
of  the  trustees  in  favor  of  New  Haven  and  against  the  original  site 
of  Saybrook.  By  the  Commencement  in  1718  the  College,  safely 
settled  in  New  Haven  in  a  commodious  building  at  the  southeast 
corner  of  the  present  old  College  quadrangle,  was  formally  named 
Yale  College  in  honor  of  Elihu  Yale,  a  Governor  of  Madras  under 
the  British  East  India  Company,  and  son  of  one  of  the  original 
settlers  of  the  Colony  of  New  Haven,  who  had  made  a  donation  to 
the  institution  of  £562.  12s.  in  goods  and  a  collection  of  books. 
Probably  never  has  lasting  fame  come  to  any  man  for  so  little 
effort  and  such  small  expense. 

The  College  continued  in  one  general  building  in  New  Haven 
until  the  Rectorship  of  Rev.  Thomas  Clap,  under  whose  administra- 
tion was  erected,  in  1750,  a  large  brick  dormitory,  "Connecticut 
Hall,77  a  building  which,  recently  restored  to  its  original  form  and 


78  LIFE  AT  YALE 

appearance,  stands  now  on  the  College  Campus.  Through  the  influ- 
ence of  Rector  Clap  a  new  charter  was  obtained  from  the  Colonial 
Legislature  in  1745  containing  important  modifications  of  the  old 
one.  By  this  charter  the  institution  which  had  formerly  been  "a 
collegiate  school"  now  became  "Yale  College"  and  the  former 
"Rector"  became  its  "President."  The  new  charter  also  conferred 
ample  powers  of  government  on  the  "President  and  Fellows"  who 
were  to  constitute  the  governing  board  or  "Corporation,"  and  these 
essential  provisions  remain  unchanged  to  the  present  day. 

Toward  the  third  quarter  of  the  century  the  work  of  the  College 
was  somewhat  interrupted  by  the  Revolutionary  War,  in  which  the 
record  of  Yale  men  was  most  honorable.  The  Yale  soldier  whose 
name  is  probably  most  highly  cherished  is  Nathan  Hale  of  the  Class 
of  1773,  who  volunteered  as  a  spy  in  the  service  of  General  Washing- 
ton and  was  captured  and  executed  by  the  British  in  1776. 

The  College  continued  to  grow  in  prestige  and  numbers  during  the 
first  century  of  its  existence,  so  that  in  1800,  under  the  administra- 
tion of  President  Dwight,  the  enrollment  numbered  217,  and  at 
even  that  early  date  the  number  of  students  from  the  Southern  and 
Southwestern  states  formed  so  large  a  proportion  of  the  total  enroll- 
ment as  to  begin  to  fix  the  character  of  the  college  as  a  national 
institution.  President  Dwight's  far-sighted  plans  for  Yale  contem- 
plated its  expansion  into  a  University  with  the  four  historic  depart- 
ments of  Philosophy,  Theology,  Law,  and  Medicine. 

During  the  administration  of  President  Theodore  D.  Woolsey, 
from  1846  to  1871,  Yale  gained  in  reputation  as  an  institution  of 
scholarship  and  learning,  and  in  strength  and  prosperity.  With  him 
were  associated  a  notable  group  of  educators  the  imprint  of  whose 
personality  has  shaped  the  educational  policy  not  only  of  Yale 
but  of  many  other  American  universities  of  the  present  day.  The 
names  that  stand  out  particularly  in  this  galaxy  are  the  following : 

Professors  Elias  Loomis  and  Denison  Olmsted  of  Natural  Philosophy,  Noah 
Porter  of  Mental  and  Moral  Philosophy,  James  D.  Dana  of  Geology,  Thomas  A. 
Thacher  of  Latin,  Benjamin  Silliman  of  Chemistry  (son  of  the  "elder"  Benjamin 
Silliman  also  of  Chemistry,  "the  Nestor  of  American  science" ) ,  James  Hadley  of 
Greek,  William  D.  Whitney  of  Language,  Hubert  A.  Newton  of  Mathematics, 
George  J.  Brush  of  Metallurgy,  Cyrus  Northrop  of  Rhetoric  and  English  Litera- 
ture, Daniel  C.  Gilman  of  Geography  and  Librarian,  Othniel  C.  Marsh  of  Paleon- 
tology, John  P.  Norton,  Samuel  W.  Johnson  and  William  H.  Brewer  of  Agriculture 
and  Agricultural  Chemistry,  and  J.  Willard  Gibbs  in  the  beginnings  of  his  notable 
work  in  Physics. 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH  79 

In  addition  to  the  departments  of  Philosophy,  Theology,  Law,  and 
Medicine,  all  of  which  were  a  part  of  the  educational  machinery  of 
the  institution  since  before  the  middle  of  the  nineteenth  century, 
an  important  development  came  during  President  Woolsey's  adminis- 
tration in  the  organization  of  a  new  department  of  Philosophy  and 
Arts.  This  department  came  in  answer  to  a  new  popular  demand 
for  technical  instruction,  especially  in  chemistry,  which,  as  applied 
to  the  arts,  was  then  in  its  infancy.  There  was  a  demand  for  a 
"new  learning,'7  different  from  that  of  the  classical  colleges,  and  one 
branch  of  this  new  department  at  Yale,  the  Sheffield  Scientific  School, 
was  a  pioneer  in  the  effort  to  meet  this  demand.  The  other  branch 
of  this  new  department  of  Arts  and  Sciences  at  Yale  was  the  Gradu- 
ate School,  again  a  pioneer  movement  in  American  education.  Of 
this  new  educational  movement  'at  Yale,  the  President  of  the  Carne- 
gie Foundation  for  the  Advancement  of  Teaching,  under  the  head- 
ing "The  Evolution  of  the  American  Type  of  University,"  says: 
"Historically  the  account  should  begin  with  Yale  College,  when  in 
1846  graduate  courses  in  Philosophy  and  the  Arts  were  established. 
.  .  .  The  honor  of  having  established  the  first  creditable  course  of 
study  for  the  degree  of  Doctor  of  Philosophy  is  due  to  Yale.  .  .  ." 


ACADEMIC  PROCESSION  MARCHING  FROM  CAMPUS  TO  AUDITORIUM 
AT  THE  CELEBRATION  OF  YALE'S  BICENTENNIAL  IN  1901 


80  LIFE  AT  YALE 

Important  expansions  of  the  college  work  into  other  fields  are 
found  in  the  more  recent  establishment  of  the  School  of  Fine  Arts, 
the  Peabody  Museum  of  Natural  History,  the  Winchester  Observa- 
tory, the  Music  School,  and  the  Forest  School. 

The  institution,  for  many  years  a  university  in  fact,  became  so 
in  name  in  1886  at  the  inauguration  of  President  Dwight,  grandson 
of  the  former  president  of  the  same  name,  when  the  corporate  title 
was  changed  from  Yale  College  to  Yale  University.  President 
Dwight' s  term  witnessed  advance  in  work  and  unprecedented  growth 
in  numbers  and  equipment.  The  thirteen  -years  of  the  present  admin- 
istration, that  of  President  Arthur  Twining  Hadley,  who  succeeded 
President  Dwight  in  1899,  have  marked  continued  expansion  in 
important  directions,  particularly  in  material  growth  and  prosperity 
and  in  the  scholarly  work  of  the  Faculty  and  students. 

Yale  has  stood  for  two  centuries  and  stands  to-day  for  two  distinct 
motives  in  education.  The  first  is  the  training  of  the  student  for 
public  service :  described  in  the  words  of  the  earliest  charter  as  the 
"fitting  of  youth  for  publick  employment  both  in  church  and  civil 
state."  In  this  training  for  large  public  service  the  national  char- 
acter of  the  student  body  has  been  a  factor.  For  over  a  century  the 
South  and  West  have  met  in  large  numbers  with  the  East  and  ISTew 
England  states  in  the  student  enrollment  at  Yale.  At  present 
approximately  one-fourth  of  the  total  number  of  Yale  graduates  are 
residents  of  the  Western  states ;  nearly  one-tenth  are  of  the  Southern 
states;  over  one-third  are  of  the  Central  states,  and  somewhat  less 
than  one-third  are  of  the  ~New  England  states.  The  enrollment  of 
students  at  present  in  the  University  shows  approximately  the  same 
distribution  of  residence.  This  national  character  of  the  student 
body,  no  less  than  the  fixed  purpose  of  the  University,  has  kept  the 
training  at  Yale  directed  not  only  toward  sound  scholarship  but  as 
well  toward  broad  public  service. 

The  second  characteristic  in  education  at  Yale  may  be  traced  to 
the  origin  of  the  institution  in  a  collection  of  books  and  the  close 
connection  between  the  development  of  the  library  and  the  insti- 
tution. The  value  of  research,  emphasis  on  the  necessity  for  a  uni- 
versity to  increase  as  well  as  to  rehearse  the  present  field  of  knowl- 
edge, has  been  a  characteristic  principle  of  Yale's  development. 
Present  expansion  in  the  direction  of  large,  thoroughly  equipped 
laboratories,  and  the  scientific  field-explorations  in  the  realm  of 


HISTORICAL  SKETCH  81 

natural  history  and  geography  are  evidences  of  Yale's  regard  for 
the  worth  of  enlarging  the  field  of  human  knowledge. 

There  had  been  in  1910  a  total  of  26,313  graduates  of  the  Uni- 
versity, of  whom  approximately  16,000  are  now  living.  It  is  esti- 
mated that,  in  addition,  students  equal  in  number  to  about  one  half 
the  total  graduated  were  for  a  time  enrolled  in  the  University  but 
failed  to  receive  a  degree.  In  this  roll  of  graduates,  beside  those 
mentioned  above,  and  omitting  the  names  of  any  now  living,  the  fol- 
lowing may  be  mentioned  as  having  had  particular  influence  in  the 
history  of  this  country: 

Signers  of  the  Declaration  of  Independence:  Philip  Livingston,  1737;  Lewis 
Morris,  1746;  Lyman  Hall,  1747;  Oliver  Wolcott,  1747. 

Members  of  the  Convention  of  1787  icho  framed  the  Constitution  of  the  United 
States:  William  Livingston,  1741;  William  Samuel  Johnson,  1744;  Abraham 
Baldwin,  1772. 

In  Theology:  Jonathan  Edwards,  1720,  probably  the  greatest  theologian  this 
country  has  produced;  Lyman  Beecher,  1797,  a  leader  in  the  temperance  and  anti- 
slavery  movement;  Leonard  Bacon,  1820,  prominent  in  the  anti-slavery  contest; 
Horace  Bushnell,  1827. 

In  Law  and  Public  Affairs:  James  Kent,  1781,  jurist,  Chief  Justice  and 
Chancellor  of  New  York;  John  C.  Calhoun,  1804,  Vice  President  of  the  United 
States,  a  chief  exponent  of  the  Doctrine  of  State  Sovereignty;  Alphonso  Taft, 
1833,  Secretary  of  \Var  and  Attorney  General  and  United  States  Minister  to 
Austria  and  Russia;  William  M.  Evarts,  1837,  Secretary  of  State;  Morrison 
R.  Waite,  1837,  Chief  Justice  of  the  United  States. 

In  Invention:  Eli  Whitney,  1792,  inventor  of  the  cotton-gin;  Samuel  F.  B. 
Morse,  1810,  inventor  of  the  electric  magneto  telegraph. 

In  Letters:  Noah  Webster,  1778;  Donald  G.  Mitchell,  1841;  Edmund  Clarence 
Stedman,  1853. 


INFORMATION 

Facts  and  Figures  Relating  Particularly  to  the  Undergraduate 

Departments 

ENTKANCE  KEQUIREMENTS 

Students  are  admitted  to  the  two  undergraduate  departments  of  Yale 
University  upon  passing  examination  in  subjects  noted  below.  These 
examinations  may  be  taken  at  one  time,  or  the  candidate  may  present 
himself  for  examination  in  one  or  more  subjects  at  any  examination 
session.  A  schedule  of  examinations  and  list  of  places  where  examina- 
tions are  to  be  held  may  be  had  from  the  Registrar  of  the  department. 

The  candidate  should  send  to  the  Registrar  of  the  department  he 
wishes  to  enter,  by  May  15,  a  written  notification  of  his  intention  to  take 
the  examination,  and  at  what  place  he  will  take  it.  A  fee  of  $5.00  is 
charged  for  admission  to  every  examination  session  and  this  should 
be  paid  by  May  15,  for  the  June  examinations;  or  before  the  time  of 
registration,  for  the  September  examinations,  which  are  held  only  in 
New  Haven.  At  or  before  each  examination  the  candidate  must  send 
to  the  Registrar  or  present  to  the  person  in  charge  of  the  examination 
a  definite  statement  from  his  principal  instructor  specifying  subjects  in 
which  he  is  authorized  to  take  the  examination,  and  before  his  admis- 
sion to  college  he  must  submit  an  honorable  dismissal  from  school  or  a 
certificate  of  moral  character. 

In  Yale  College,  conferring  the  degree  of  B.A.,  the  subjects  of  exam- 
ination are  as  follows : 

SUBJECTS     SPECIFICALLY     REQUIRED  ADDITIONAL    SUBJECTS,   OF    WHICH   FOTJB 

OF   ALL   CANDIDATES  ARE   REQUIRED   OF   EACH    CANDIDATE 

1.  Latin  Grammar  i.  Greek  Grammar  and 

Composition 

2.  Latin  Composition  ii.  Xenophon 

3.  Csesar-Nepos  iii.  Homer 

iv.  French     (a)     or    German     (a) 

4.  Cicero-Sallust  (i.  e.,  the  one  not  offered  as 

one    of    the    subjects    specifi- 

5.  Vergil-Ovid  cally  required) 

v.  French   (6) 

6.  French    (a)    or  German    (a)  vi.  German   (5) 

vii.  German    (c) 

7.  English    (a)  viii.  Solid  Geometry  and  Plane  Trig- 

onometry 

8.  English    (6)  ix.  Physics 

x.  Chemistry 

9.  Algebra    (a)  xi.  Ancient  History 

xii.  English    History    or    American 

10.  Algebra    (6)  History  and  Civil  Government 

(either,  but  not  both) 

11.  Plane  Geometry 

NOTE:— (a)  elementary  course,  (6)  or  (c)  advanced  course. 


84  LIFE  AT  YALE 

In  the  Sheffield  Scientific  School,  conferring  the  degree  of  Ph.B., 
the  subjects  of  examination  are  as  follows : 

PRESCRIBED  SUBJECTS — 

ENGLISH  :     Both  of  the  following : 

English   (a)  :     Reading  (2) 

English    ( 6 )  :     Study  ( 1 ) 

FOREIGN  LANGUAGES  :     Any  two  of  the  following : 

(  Latin  Grammar  and  Composition  ( 1 )  and 

l'  (  Caesar-Nepos  (1) 

2.  French,  Elementary  (2) 

3.  German,  Elementary  (2) 

HISTORY:     Any  one  of  the  following: 

American  History  ( 1 ) 

English  History  (1) 

Mediaeval  and  Modern  European  History  ( 1 ) 

Ancient  History  ( 1 ) 

MATHEMATICS  :     All  of  the  following : 

Algebra,  Elementary  (1%) 

Algebra,  Advanced  (%) 

Plane  Geometry  ( 1 ) 

Solid  Geometry 
Plane  Trigonometry 

SCIENCE:     Any  one  of  the  following: 

Physics  ( 1 ) 

Chemistry  ( 1 ) 

Botany  ( 1 ) 

ELECTIVE  SUBJECTS — Any  two  of  the  following  subjects  not  already  pre- 
scribed or  elected : 

Physics  ( 1 )         Cicero-Sallust  or 

Chemistry  (1)  Vergil-Ovid  (1) 

Botany  (1)         French,  Elementary  (2) 

Mechanical  Drawing        ( 1 )         French,  Intermediate  ( 1 ) 

Latin   Grammar  and  )  German,  Elementary  (2) 

Composition,   and     (.  /2\          German,  Intermediate  (1) 
Caesar-Nepos                  f  *    '          History,  any  one  unit 

noted  above  (1) 

The  numbers  in  parenthesis  after  the  subjects  indicate  the  amount  of  time,  or  the  "  units," 
required  for  preparation,— a  unit  representing  work  involving  four  or  five  exercises  a  week  for 
the  whole  school  year. 

In  place  of  the  Yale  examinations  candidates  in  either  department 
may  meet  the  entrance  requirements  by  passing  examinations  in  the 
equivalent  subjects  which  are  set  by  the  College  Entrance  Examination 
Board.  This  is  a  general  examining  board  composed  of  representatives 
of  many  colleges,  including  Yale  University.  The  examinations  of 
this  Board  are  accepted  for  entrance  by  the  leading  colleges  of  the 
country.  This  Board  has  its  headquarters  in  New  York  City,  and  the 


INFORMATION  85 

list  of  places  in  which  its  examinations  are  held  may  be  obtained  by 
addressing  the  Secretary  of  the  Board,  Sub-Station  84,  New  York  City. 
The  Board  certificate  which  a  candidate  receives  after  passing  the 
examinations  should  be  sent  for  exchange  to  the  Registrar  of  the  depart- 
ment the  student  is  to  enter  at  Yale. 

Applications  for  admission  to  advanced  standing  with  or  without 
examination  are  received  from  graduates  and  undergraduates  of  other 
institutions.  Particulars  and  forms  of  application  may  be  obtained 
from  the  Registrar  of  the  department  to  be  entered. 

Further  details  in  regard  to  the  entrance  examinations  are  given  in 
the  catalogue  of  the  department  concerned. 

COURSES  OF  STUDY 

While  there  is  a  certain  liberty  of  election  in  courses  of  study  at  Yale, 
the  courses  that  may  be  taken  in  the  College  or  in  Sheffield  Scientific 
School  are  divided  into  groups.  In  the  College  a  student  entering  the 
Freshman  Class  must  choose  one  of  three  groups  of  courses,  from  which 
most  of  his  subsequent  college  studies  will  be  chosen.  In  the  Sheffield 
Scientific  School  each  class  is  divided  into  two  groups  at  the  beginning 
of  the  year:  the  Engineering  Science  group,  and  the  Natural  Science 
group.  The  final  choice  of  specific  course  within  the  two  groups  must 
be  made  during  Freshman  year  before  March  1.  For  particulars 
regarding  courses  one  should  refer  to  the  University  Catalogue  or  to  the 
catalogue  of  the  department  concerned. 

THE  UNIVERSITY  CALENDAR 

In  brief  the  University  Calendar  is  as  follows: 

Public  Commencement  at  Yale  is  held  on  the  next  to  last  "Wednesday 
in  June. 

The  first  term  commences  fourteen  weeks,  or  occasionally  fifteen 
weeks,  from  the  day  after  Commencement  Day.  At  present  the  first 
term  extends  to  the  winter  vacation  of  two  weeks  at  Christmas  time, 
and  the  second  term  extends  from  the  end  of  the  winter  vacation  to 
Commencement  Day,  with  a  spring  recess  of  one  week  including  Easter 
Sunday. 

A  new  University  year  of  two  semesters  has  been  adopted  and  will 
go  into  effect  in  the  fall  of  1913.  This  divides  the  year  into  two  equal 
periods,  the  mid-year  examinations  beginning  on  Friday,  three  full 
weeks  after  the  resumption  of  work  after  the  winter  vacation.  The 
second  semester  will  begin  after  a  recess  of  three  days  following  the 
last  examination  of  the  first  semester.  The  winter  and  spring  vacations 
will  continue  at  the  same  time  and  for  the  same  periods  as  at  present. 


86  LIFE  AT  YALE 


EXPENSES 

Tuition  in  the  College  is  $155.00  per  year,  and  in  the  Sheffield  Scien- 
tific School  $150.00.  In  the  Scientific  School  an  additional  charge  of 
$21.00  is  made  for  use  of  libraries,  gymnasium,  etc.  Booms  in  College 
dormitories,  which  accommodate  about  1,050  men,  are  obtainable  at 
prices  ranging  from  $60.00  to  about  $200.00  a  year  per  student.  Kooms 
are  reserved  in  May  for  members  of  the  Freshmen  Class  of  the  year  fol- 
lowing. These  are  assigned  to  applicants  in  order  of  application. 
Correspondence  about  College  rooms  should  be  addressed  to  the  Regis- 
trar  of  the  College.  Rooming  accommodations  for  about  200  men  in 
the  Scientific  School  range  in  price  from  $76.00  to  about  $200.00. 
Rooms  outside  dormitories  vary  in  price  according  to  their  location. 
The  Sheffield  Scientific  School  societies  have  society  houses  in  which  the 
members  may  room.  The  prices  of  these  rooms  average  about  the  same 
as  those  in  the  dormitories,  with  certain  reductions  in  some  cases. 
Students  in  either  the  College  or  the  Scientific  School  cannot  room  in 
any  hotel,  apartment  house,  or  any  building  in  which  a  family  does 
not  reside,  except  by  special  permission  of  the  Faculty. 

Board  may  be  obtained  at  cost  at  the  University  Dining  Hall,  which 
contains  seats  for  1,200  members  of  the  University.  The  sum  of  $3.25 
a  week  is  charged  for  certain  specified  staples  of  food,  and  in  addition 
there  is  an  a  la  carte  service.  The  board  averages  from  $5.00  to  $5.25 
a  week.  Dwight  Hall,  on  the  College  Campus,  has  a  grill  room  open  to 
all  members  of  the  University.  Board  outside  of  college  costs  from 
$3.50  to  $8.00  per  week.  The  average  price  is  probably  about  $5.00. 

The  necessary  annual  expenses  in  college,  omitting  clothing,  vacation 
expenses,  and  sundries,  have  been  estimated  as  follows:  the  lowest 
amount,  $335.00;  a  liberal  amount,  $770.00;  and  a  general  average, 
$525.00  a  year.  These  amounts  include  tuition,  rent  of  half-room  in 
college,  board,  furniture,  fuel  and  light,  washing,  text-books  and  sta- 
tionery, and  subscriptions  (to  societies,  sports,  periodicals,  etc.). 


FACILITIES  FOR  SELF-HELP 

A  student  may  defray  part  or  all  of  his  expenses  at  Yale  by  doing 
various  kinds  of  work.  About  500,  or  one-fourth  of  the  total  number  of 
men  enrolled  in  the  College  and  the  Sheffield  Scientific  School  at  Yale, 
defray  all  or  a  part  of  their  expenses  at  college  by  such  work. 

Private  tutoring  is  perhaps  the  most  remunerative  work  for  the  under- 
graduate. Application  for  this  work  should  be  made  to  the  instructors. 


IN  FKONT  OF  THE  YALE  POST  OFFICE 

This  office  is  conveniently  situated  in  the  basement  entry  of  the  brick  dormitory 
on  the  "Middle  Campus."  Beyond  stand  the  twin  brick  buildings  of  the  Yale 
Divinity  School. 

Students  may  earn  their  board  as  waiters  in  small  clubs.  Applications 
for  positions  as  waiters  should  be  made  early  in  the  fall,  before 
the  University  opens,  to  boarding-house  keepers  or  to  the  Bureau  of 
Appointments.  Students  also  obtain  board  by  forming  and  managing 
eating-clubs  of  their  fellows.  About  twenty-five  students  are  employed 
in  the  University  Dining  Hall  as  "checkers"  and  clerks.  The  Bureau 
of  Appointments  has  the  disposal  of  these  positions,  for  which  there  is 
usually  a  long  waiting  list.  Clerical  work  in  business  houses  in  the 
city,  and  in  some  of  the  University  organizations,  is  obtainable.  Can- 
vassing is  especially  good  work  for  vacation.  Students  often  report  for 
local  papers  or  act  as  correspondents  for  out  of  town  papers.  For  the 
care  of  furnaces  and  sidewalks  in  winter,  and  of  lawns  and  gardens  in 
summer,  a  student  obtains  his  room  rent  free  or  receives  from  $1.50  to 
$2.50  a  week.  Typewriting  and  stenographic  work  is  available  in  the 
business  organizations  of  the  University.  Students  are  often  employed 
as  motormen  and  conductors.  Some  obtain  positions  in  the  choirs  or 
as  organists  in  city  churches. 


88  LIFE  AT  YALE 

Statistics  taken  recently  show  the  following  amounts  earned  in  various 
types  of  work  by  students  at  Yale  in  one  year : 

Number 
Work.  of  men.  Amount. 

Teaching    $37,163 

Private  tutoring    182  27,620 

Waiting  in  eating  clubs    135  18,463 

Managing  eating  clubs   61  7,465 

Clerical  work   '. 193  22,224 

Canvassing    130  10,970 

Reporting  for  newspapers    18  3,319 

Street  railway  work 15  2,418 

Caring  for  furnaces,  lawns,  etc 32  1,711 

Typewriting  and  stenography    29  2,671 

Music    17  1,897 

Other  lines  of  work  in  which  students  had  been  employed  the  same 
year  included:  work  at  summer  resorts,  religious  work,  work  in  fac- 
tories, civil  engineering,  farming,  banking,  library  work,  managing  boys' 
clubs,  literary  work,  printing,  surveying,  housework,  and  railroading. 
Smaller  sums  were  earned  in  ushering,  monitoring,  as  chauffeurs, 
in  summer  camps,  as  proctors,  ticket  selling,  in  legal  work,  collect- 
ing, as  guards  at  Yale  Field,  in  mason  work,  carpentering,  moving 
furniture,  as  guides  about  college  buildings,  operating  stereopticon  lan- 
terns, as  station  agents,  painting,  meat  cutting,  as  fencing  instructor, 
as  fruit  inspector,  making  banners,  publishing  programs,  as  interpreters, 
testing  in  a  rope  factory,  as  janitor,  in  lumber  camp,  as  Pullman  con- 
ductor, in  sleight-of-hand  entertainments,  as  "clearer"  on  theatre  stage, 
collecting  geological  specimens,  getting  out  blotters  as  advertisements,  in 
laundry,  wheeling  invalid's  chair,  addressing  envelopes,  selling  spring 
water,  etc. 

Scholarships  are  maintained  in  various  departments  of  the  University 
for  the  aid  of  needy  students  of  high  standing.  Special  prizes  of  large 
and  small  sums  are  offered  for  competition  in  many  subjects.  Tuition 
scholarships  are  granted  to  approved  students  in  the  Academical  Depart- 
ment upon  the  basis  of  need  and  of  excellence  in  scholarship.  They 
are  at  the  rate  of  $70.00,  $110.00,  and  $150.00  a  year,  according  to 
the  degree  of  need  and  excellence  of  scholarship.  Application  for  these 
should  be  made  to  the  Bureau  of  Appointments  before  October  1  of 
each  year.  The  University  Loan  Fund  furnishes  loans  of  the  same 
amounts  to  students  both  in  the  College  and  the  Scientific  School. 
Application  for  these  may  be  made  through  the  Bureau  of  Appoint- 
ments. In  both  of  these  departments  special  scholarships  are  awarded 
to  men  selected  for  sundry  special  reasons  by  the  Deans  and  Facul- 
ties or  by  the  Bureau  of  Appointments.  A  complete  list  of  such 


INFORMATION  89 

scholarships  is  printed  in  the  University  Catalogue.  Yale  Alumni  Asso- 
ciations in  several  localities  offer  scholarships  for  the  benefit  of  students 
entering  from  those  localities.  Such  scholarship  aid  is  offered  by  the 
alumni  in  Chicago,  Cleveland,  Colorado,  Essex  County  (N.  J.),  Hart- 
ford, Hawaii,  Louisville,  Northern  Minnesota  and  Northern  Wisconsin, 
Michigan,  Northeastern  New  York,  Minneapolis,  St.  Paul  and  Southern 
Minnesota,  Philadelphia,  Pittsburgh,,  Rochester,  Seattle,  Southern 
California,  and  Wisconsin.  Special  scholarships  are  maintained  by  the 
University  for  the  benefit  of  those  entering  from  Connecticut  and  New 
Haven  high  schools.  Men  in  the  Sheffield  Scientific  School  may  obtain 
aid  from  the  Sheffield  Loaning  Fund  and  the  Vanderbilt  Loaning  Fund. 
Application  for  such  assistance  should  be  made  to  the  Director  of  the 
School.  Prizes  for  excellence  in  special  lines  of  work  are  offered  by 
the  various  departments. 

The  Loring  W.  Andrews  Memorial  Loan  Library,  under  the  charge  of 
the  University  Librarian,  provides  for  the  loan  of  text-books  and  works 
of  reference  to  needy  students  of  the  Academical  Department.  Permis- 
sion to  use  this  library  must  be  obtained  at  the  Bureau  of  Appoint- 
ments. The  Lounsbury  Loan  Library  provides  for  the  loan  to  the 
Scientific  School  students  of  a  limited  supply  of  text-books. 

The  Yale  Cooperative  Corporation,  organized  by  and  in  the  interests 
of  members  of  the  University,  has  a  store  in  Fayerweather  Hall,  near 
Elm  Street,  where  students'  supplies  are  sold  practically  at  cost  to  its 
members.  The  fee  for  membership  is  $2.00  for  one  year,  $4.00  for 
three  years,  and  $5.00  for  four  years. 

UNIVERSITY  PRIVILEGES 

THE  UNIVERSITY  CHURCH 

The  privileges  of  the  Church  of  Christ  in  Yale  University  are 
extended  to  all  students  of  the  University.  Prayers,  conducted  by  vari- 
ous officers  of  the  University,  are  held  daily  except  Sunday  at  Battell 
Chapel.  Services  with  sermons  by  eminent  preachers  from  various 
cities  and  institutions  are  held  Sundays  either  in  Battell  Chapel  or  Wool- 
sey  Hall.  Attendance  of  students  in  the  Academical  Department  is 
required  at  both  morning  prayers  and  Sunday  worship.  Attendance  at 
Sunday  morning  service  may  be  either  at  the  College  Chapel  or  at  one 
of  the  New  Haven  churches  selected  by  the  student  or  his  parents.  The 
College  Chapel  is  open  to  all  members  of  the  University. 

CONCERTS,  LECTURES,  COLLECTIONS,  ETC. 

Among  the  many  University  privileges  are  concerts  given  either  free 
of  charge  or  at  a  moderate  admission  price,  and  many  lectures. 


90  LIFE  AT  YALE 

University  Chamber  Concerts,  in  which  musicians  of  note  take  part, 
are  held  each  year.  Several  concerts  are  given  every  winter  by  the 
New  Haven  Symphony  Orchestra,  with  the  assistance  of  eminent 
soloists.  The  New  Haven  Oratorio  Society  gives  one  or  two  concerts 
each  season.  Organ  recitals  are  given  in  Woolsey  Hall  each  week 
during  the  winter  term  by  Professor  Jepson  of  Yale  or  by  some  dis- 
tinguished visiting  organist.  Some  informal  recitals  are  given  by 
students  of  the  Department  of  Music  each  year.  Artists'  concerts  by 
musicians  and  organizations  of  high  standing  are  given  from  time  to 
time. 

In  addition  to  lectures  given  in  connection  with  the  curriculum,  there 
are  a  large  number  of  lecture  courses  under  the  auspices  of  the  various 
departments  of  the  University.  These  are  open  to  all  University  stu- 
dents. Among  these  lecture  courses  are  included :  the  Silliman  Memo- 
rial lectures  on  natural  history ;  the  Dodge  lectures  on  citizenship ;  the 
Trowbridge  lecture  course  on  art;  the  Lyman  Beecher  lectures  on 
preaching;  the  Bromley  lectures  on  journalism,  literature,  and  public 
affairs ;  the  Stanley  Woodward  lectures  by  distinguished  foreigners  who 
ure  visiting  this  country ;  etc.,  etc. 

The  Art  School  contains  valuable  collections  of  paintings,  wood-carv- 
ings, sketches,  casts,  porcelains,  and  prints.  The  Peabody  Museum  of 
Natural  History  is  especially  strong  in  its  mineralogical  and  geologi- 
cal collections.  These  collections  are  at  most  times  open  for  public 
exhibition. 

LIBRARIES 

The  whole  number  of  books  in  the.  libraries  of  the  University  is  about 
000,000.  The  University  Library  proper,  which  consists  of  Chitten- 
den  Hall,  Linsly  Hall,  and  the  old  library  building,  contains  about 
735,000  of  these  volumes.  The  library  contains  many  notable  col- 
lections, such  as  that  of  Chinese  literature,  of  first  and  important 
editions  of  American  belles  lettres,  of  Arabic  manuscripts,  of  Oriental 
books  and  manuscripts,  the  Marsh  paleontological  library,  the  Scandi- 
navian library  of  Count  Eiant,  the  Curtius  library  of  classical  literature, 
and  many  other  special  collections,  important  and  unique.  In  the 
"Linonia  and  Brothers"  library  in  Chittenden  Hall,  there  are  about 
25,000  selected  books,  chiefly  of  the  best  current  literature.  Here  are 
also  books  of  reference  and  the  books  reserved  for  special  use  in  courses 
of  study.  The  periodical  room  in  Chittenden  Hall  contains  over  700 
of  the  leading  scholarly  periodicals.  The  reading-room  in  Dwight  Hall 
contains  the  lighter  periodicals  and  the  leading  daily  newspapers.  In 
Linsly  Hall  there  are  seminary  rooms  and  libraries  for  the  departments 


INTERIOR  or  THE  ART  SCHOOL 

The  important  collections  of  the  Art  School  include  the  Jarves  Gallery  of 
Italian  art,  paintings  dating  from  the  eleventh  to  the  seventeenth  century;  the 
Trumbull  Gallery  of  historical  portraits;  the  Alden  Collection  of  Belgian  wood 
carvings  of  the  seventeenth  century;  a  collection  of  casts  and  marbles  repre- 
sentative of  various  periods  of  art;  a  collection  of  Chinese  porcelains  and 
bronzes;  a  collection  of  Braun  autotypes  and  Arundel  prints;  etc. 

of  History,  Social  Sciences,  Philosophy  and  Psychology,  Modern  Lan- 
guages, and  the  Natural  and  Physical  Sciences. 

The  Sheffield  Scientific  School  Library  in  Sheffield  Hall  contains 
about  7,500  volumes,  chiefly  of  mathematics.  The  Law  Library  in 
Hendrie  Hall,  the  Law  School,  contains  about  34,015  volumes  and  3,500 
pamphlets,  being  particularly  strong  in  Koman  law  and  United  States 
statutory  law.  The  new  Day  Missions  Library  of  the  Divinity  School 
contains  the  largest  strictly  mission  collection  in  America.  Its  reading- 
room  is  provided  with  about  200  missionary  periodicals.  The  Eliza- 
bethan Club  owns  a  library  of  belles  lettres,  and  has  a  collection  of 
Elizabethan  first  editions  unequaled  in  any  single  collection  in  the 
world.  In  addition  to  these,  there  are  about  fifteen  other  special  libra- 
ries used  by  the  various  departments  of  the  University. 

LABORATORIES 

The  Laboratories  of  the  University  include  the  following: 
For  physics  the  new  Sloane  Physics  Laboratory,  open  for  the  use  of 
the  Academic,  Scientific  and  Graduate  departments  in  1912. 


92  LIFE  AT  YALE 

For  chemistry  the  Kent  Chemical  Laboratory  of  the  College  and  the 
Sheffield  Chemical  Laboratory  of  the  Scientific  School. 

For  biological  sciences  the  laboratories  for  elementary  biology,  botany 
and  plant  physiology,  bacteriology  and  hygiene  in  Sheffield  Hall;  the 
laboratories  for  comparative  anatomy,  embryology,  entomology,  general 
physiology  and  physiological  chemistry  in  the  Sheffield  Biological 
Laboratory;  the  laboratories  for  invertebrate  zoology  and  paleontology 
in  the  Peabody  Museum  of  Natural  History;  laboratories  for  physical 
physiology  and  pathology  in  the  Medical  School.  A  new  University 
Laboratory  for  Zoology,  Comparative  Anatomy  and  Botany  is  in  process 
of  construction  on  Pierson-Sage  Square. 

For  geological  sciences,  laboratories  for  geology,  mineralogy,  petrology 
and  geography  in  Kirtland  Hall  and  the  Peabody  Museum. 

For  psychology  Herrick  Hall. 

For  engineering  the  recently  completed  Mason  Laboratory  for 
Mechanical  Engineering;  civil  and  electrical  laboratories  in  Win- 
chester Hall,  and  the  Hammond  Mining  and  Metallurgical  Laboratory. 

There  is  also  an  observatory  and  a  botanical  garden. 

THE  INFIRMARY 

The  University  Infirmary,  attractively  located  on  Prospect  Hill,  may 
be  used  by  students  at  the  nominal  price  of  $1.50  a  day.  A  competent 
matron  is  in  residence.  The  call  and  choice  of  physician  rests  with 
the  patient. 

GENERAL  CLUB  LIFE 

In  addition  to  the  fraternities  or  elective  clubs,  there  are  in  the 
University  a  number  of  open  general  clubs.  The  most  distinctive  of 
these  clubs  are  Dwight  Hall  in  the  College  and  Byers  Memorial  Hall 
in  the  Scientific  School.  These  buildings  are  the  headquarters  of 
the  Christian  associations  in  their  respective  departments.  They  also 
contain  reading  rooms,  and  general  lounging  and  social  rooms.  The 
Yale  University  Club  is  a  general  club  open  to  upper  classmen  of 
either  undergraduate  department.  There  are  also  a  number  of  school 
and  sectional  clubs  composed  of  men  coming  to  the  University  from  the 
same  school,  city  or  state.  There  are  also  many  clubs  and  associations 
of  men  of  similar  tastes,  such  as  literary  clubs,  the  Cercle  Frangais, 
Cosmopolitan  Club,  etc.,  etc. 

ATHLETIC  FACILITIES 

Yale  athletics  are  divided  into  two  groups :  general  exercise  under  the 
direction  and  supervision  of  the  University;  and  sports  carried  on  by 
the  undergraduates. 


INTOKMATION 


93 


The  Yale  gymnasium,  one  of  the  largest  buildings  in  the  country 
devoted  exclusively  to  gymnastics  and  athletics,  is  the  center  of  the 
former  group.  The  Director  is  a  trained  physician.  A  thorough 
physical  examination  is  given  each  student  yearly  without  charge. 
Gymnastic  work  is  required  of  the  Freshman  Class  of  the  College,  except 
of  those  who  are  in  training  with  the  recognized  athletic  teams.  The 
equipment  includes  the  best  devices  from  the  German  and  Swedish 
gymnasiums,  as  well  as  the  American  development  appliances.  There 
are  bowling-alleys,  rowing-tanks,  hand-ball  courts,  squash  courts,  basket- 
ball facilities,  crew  and  football  rooms,  fencing  and  boxing  rooms,  etc., 
besides  a  main  exercise  hall.  The  Carnegie  Swimming  Pool,  situated 
back  of  the  gymnasium,  is  a  building  120  by  60  feet,  the  pool  itself 
being  75  by  30  feet.  All  Freshmen  who  cannot  swim  are  given  lessons 
free  of  charge.  During  October  and  November  a  course  of  lectures  on 
health  topics  is  given  to  the-  College  Freshmen,  attendance  being 
compulsory. 

Athletic  sports  at  Yale  are  in  charge  of  the  undergraduates.  A 
revised  set  of  rules  governing  these  sports  has  recently  been  adopted 
in  order  to  place  Yale  athletics  on  a  more  permanent  and  a  broader 


INTERIOR  OF  THE  CARNEGIE  SWIMMING  POOL 


94  LIFE  AT  YALE 

cooperative  graduate  and  undergraduate  basis.  A  new  Yale  Uni- 
versity Athletic  Association,  which  regulates  the  conduct  of  athletics 
in  Yale,  has  been  formed.  It  consists  of  the  following  members:  the 
managers  of  the  four  major  sports  (foot-ball,  base-ball,  track  teams  and 
crew)  ;  the  captains  of  the  four  major  sports'  teams ;  the  president 
of  the  Minor  Athletic  Association  (representing  tennis,  golf,  basket-ball, 
hockey,  swimming,  gymnastics,  wrestling,  fencing,  gun,  and  soccer)  ; 
and  five  additional  members,  graduates  of  Yale  University. 

Yale  Field,  the  athletic  field  of  the  University,  is  situated  about  a 
mile  from  the  campus.  It  contains  several  base-ball  and  foot-ball  fields, 
a  quarter-mile  running  track,  foot-ball  stands  accommodating  over  35,000 
people,  and  a  covered  base-ball  stand  with  bleachers,  seating  over  7,000. 
A  plan  for  enlarging  the  general  athletic  facilities  and  for  permanent 
athletic  equipment  at  Yale  has  recently  been  adopted.  This  plan  was 
worked  out  by  a  graduate  Committee  of  Twenty-One,  appointed  by 
the  Alumni  Advisory  Board.  The  committee  has  already  acquired 
80  acres  of  land  directly  opposite  Yale  Field.  Permanent  fire-proof 
foot-ball  stands  to  accommodate  over  60,000  people,  and  a  new  club 
house  for  the  use  of  the  students,  are  planned  to  be  erected  on  the 
newly  acquired  land.  The  remainder  of  the  territory  will  be  laid  out 
for  use  of  general  recreation.  This  development  will  include :  foot- 
ball fields,  base-ball  diamonds,  tennis-courts,  etc.  The  old  field  will 
be  kept  for  the  University  base-ball  team,  for  foot-ball  and  base- 
ball practice,  and  for  track  athletics.  The  base-ball  stand  is  to  be 
replaced  by  a  permanent  structure  to  seat  about  20,000  people.  The 
plans  of  the  committee  will  provide  opportunities  for  at  least  half  of 
the  undergraduate  body  to  exercise  at  one  time. 

The  new  George  A.  Adee  Boat  House,  erected  by  the  alumni  at  the 
cost  of  $100,000,  was  opened  in  May,  1911.  It  is  situated  on  New 
Haven  Harbor,  and  contains  complete  rowing  equipment.  Besides 
accommodations  for  the  regular  crews,  there  are  ample  facilities  for  all 
men  who  wish  to  train  or  take  part  in  rowing. 

A  new  base-ball  cage,  erected  north  of  the  Carnegie  Swimming  Pool, 
contains  in  addition  to  a  regulation  base-ball  diamond,  a  running 
track,  and  jumping  and  vaulting  pits.  It  is  intended  particularly  for 
winter  base-ball  practice.  The  courts  of  the  Tennis  Association  are 
situated  on  Whitney  Avenue.  The  Hockey  Team  has  the  use  of  the 
new  Yale  Skating  Eink  on  West  Kiver  Meadow,  east  of  Yale  Field. 


THE  YALE  CORPORATION* 

President 
ARTHUR  TWINING  HADLEY,  PH.D.,  LL.1). 

Fellows 

His  Excellency  the  Governor  of  Connecticut 

His  Honor  the  Lieutenant  Governor  of  Connecticut 

Rev.  Joseph  Anderson,  D.D.,  Woodmont 

Rev.  Edwin  Pond  Parker,  D.D.,  Hartford 

Rev.  Joseph  Hopkins  Twichell,  M.A.,  Hartford 

Rev.  Newman  Smyth,  D.D.,  New  Haven 

Rev.  James  Wesley  Cooper,  D.D.,  Hartford 

Payson  Merrill,  LL.B.,  M.A.,  New  York  City 

Hon.  Eli  Whitney,  M.A.,  New  Haven— 1913f 

Henry  Bradford  Sargent,  M.A.,  New  Haven — 1914f 

Charles  Hopkins  Clark,  M.A.,  Hartford 

Rev.  Newell  Meeker  Calhoun,  M.A.,  Orange 

Otto  Tremont  Bannard,  LL.B.,  M.A.,  New  York  City— 1916f 

Alfred  Lawrence  Ripley,  M.A.,  Boston,  Mass. — 1915f 

Hon.  William  Howard  Taft,  LL.D.,  Washington,  D.  C.— 1912f 

Clarence  Hill  Kelsey,  M.A.,  New  York  City 

Rev.  Charles  Edward  Jefferson,  D.D.,  New  York  City 

John  Villiers  Farwell,  M.A.,  Chicago,  111.— 19l7f 

Secretary 
REV.  ANSON  PHELPS  STOKES,  JR.,  D.D. 

Treasurer 
GEORGE  PARMLY  DAY,  M.A. 


*  The  Corporation  is  the  governing  body  of  the  University.  It  consisted 
originally  of  ten  Connecticut  Congregational  ministers.  These  original  trustees 
are  elected  for  life  and  their  successors  elect  fellows  to  fill  vacancies  in  their 
own  number.  These  successors  are  no  longer  limited  to  Congregational  clergy- 
men nor  to  residents  of  Connecticut.  In  1792  the  membership  of  the  Cor- 
poration was  increased  to  include  the  governor  and  lieutenant  governor  and  the 
six  senior  senators  of  Connecticut.  In  1871  the  place  in  the  Corporation  of 
the  six  senators  was  given  to  alumni  fellows  elected  by  the  alumni  at  large, 
each  for  a  term  of  six  years,  with  possibility  of  reelection. 

t  A  date  indicates  the  year  in  which  the  term  of  a  Fellow  elected  by  the  Alumni 
expires. 


THE  ALUMNI  ADVISORY  BOARD 

CHAIRMAN,  Henry  Treat  Rogers,  Foster  Bldg.,  Denver,  Colo. 
RECORDING  SECRETARY,  Rev.  Anson  Phelps  Stokes,  Jr.,  Yale  University. 
CORRESPONDING  SECRETARY,  Edward  Johnson  Phelps,  50  South  LaSalle 

Street,  Chicago,  111. 
EXECUTIVE  COMMITTEE,  Mr.  Rogers,  Chairman,  and  Messrs.  Hidden, 

Flanders,  Bigelow,  Perrin,  Greene,  Phelps. 

MEMBERSf 

The  President,  Secretary,  and  Treasurer  of  the  University. 

The  Chairman  of  the  Board  of  Directors  of  the  Yale  Alumni  University 

Fund  Association,  care  W.  E.  S.  Griswold,  35  Wall  st.,  New  York 

City. 
The    President    and    Secretary    of    the    Yale    Association    of    Class 

Secretaries. 

j  PRESIDENT,  Robert  Jaffray,  '73  S.,  58  West  46th  st.,  New  York  City. 
I  SECRETARY,  Frederick  Dwight,  '94,  52  William  st.,  New  York  City. 

BOSTON,  YALE  CLUB  OF 

Samuel  James  Elder,  '73,  Pemberton  Bldg.,  Boston. 

Hon.  George  Augustus  Sanderson,  '85,  Ayer,  Mass. 
BRISTOL,  YALE  CLUB  OF 

George  Clifford  Clark,  '93  S.,  Terryville,  Conn. 
BUFFALO,  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

Stephen  Merrill  Clement,  '82,  Marine  National  Bank,  Buffalo. 
CENTRAL  NEW  YORK  FEDERATION  (Auburn,  Syracuse,  and  Utica) 

Hon.  Irving  Goodwin  Vann,  '63,  316  James  st.,  Syracuse. 
CENTRAL  PENNSYLVANIA,  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

Benjamin  Matthias  Nead,  '70,  Russ  Bldg.,  Harrisburg. 
CHICAGO,  YALE  CLUB  OF 

Edward  Johnson  Phelps,  '86,  50  South  LaSalle  st.,  Chicago. 

Irwin  Rew,  '89  S.,  108  South  LaSalle  st.,  Chicago. 
CINCINNATI,  YALE  CLUB  OF 

Harley  James  Morrison,  '87  S.,  Clifton,  Cincinnati. 

Walter  Alden  DeCamp,  '90,  Traction  Bldg.,  Cincinnati. 
CLEVELAND,  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

Edward  Belden  Greene,  '00,  Cleveland  Trust  Co.,  1  Euclid  av., 
Cleveland. 


f  Alumni  Associations  with  a  membership  of  100  or  more  Yale  graduates  are 
represented  on  the  Alumni  Advisory  Board.  There  are  in  all  70  formal  Yale 
Alumni  Associations  or  Clubs,  including  in  their  territory  the  principal  cities 
of  this  and  several  foreign  countries. 


ALUMNI  AI^S^^BO^MJ/-:  97 

JLORADO  YALE  ASSOCIATION 

Henry  Treat  Rogers,  '66,  Foster  Bldg.,  Denver. 

James  Dudley  Skinner,  '94  S.,  909  Pearl  st.,  Denver. 
ESSEX  COUNTY  (N.  S.),  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

Hendon  Chubb,  '95  S.,  5  South  William  st.,  New  York  City. 
FAIRFIELD  COUNTY  (CONN.),  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

Frederick  Smillie  Curtis,  '69  S.,  Brookfield  Center,  Conn. 

Hon.  John  Hoyt  Perry,  '70,  Southport,  Conn. 
HARTFORD,  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

William  Herbert  Corbin,  '89,  172  Collins  st.,  Hartford. 

Robert  Watkinson  Huntington,  Jr.,  '89,  Connecticut  General  Life 

Insurance  Company,  Hartford. 
INDIANA,  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

John  Orlando  Perrin,  '79,  American  National  Bank,  Indianapolis. 
KANSAS  CITY,  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

John  Venable  Hanna,  '85  S.,  23d  st.  and  Grand  av.,  Kansas  City. 

James  Perkins  Richardson,  '91,  Anderson,  Mo. 
KENTUCKY,  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

Arthur  Dwight  Allen,  '01,  care  Fidelity  Trust  Co.,  Louisville. 
LONG  ISLAND,  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

Hon.  William  Bates  Davenport,  '67,  189  Montague  st.,  Brooklyn, 

ST.  Y. 
LOUISIANA,  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

Bernard  Titche,  '82,  Hennen  Annex,  New  Orleans. 
MARYLAND,  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

Albert  Henry  Buck,  '94,  The  Arundel  Apartments,  Baltimore. 
MERIDEN,  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

Frank  Elbert  Sands,  '85  S.,  27  East  Main  st.,  Meriden. 
MICHIGAN  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION 

Henry  Ledyard,  '97,  579  Jefferson  av.,  Detroit. 
NEBRASKA  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION 

Victor  Bush  Caldwell,  '87,  U.  S.  National  Bank,  Omaha. 
NEW  HAVEN,  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

Frank  Lewis  Bigelow,  '81  S.,  205  Whitney  av.,  New  Haven. 

David  Daggett,  '79,  100  Crown  st.,  New  Haven. 
NEW  LONDON  COUNTY  (CONN.),  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

George  Smith  Palmer,  '78,  New  London. 
NEW  YORK  CITY,  YALE  CLUB  OF 

Thomas  Thacher,  '71,  62  Cedar  st.,  New  York  City. 

Frederick  William  Vanderbilt,  '76  S.,  459   Fifth  av.,  New  York 

City. 
NORTHEASTERN  NEW  YORK,  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

John  Kasson  Howe,  '71,  51  State  st.,  Albany. 


98  ^1        A     TALE 

NORTHEASTERN  PENNSYLVANIA  AND  WYOMING  VALLEY,  YALE  ALUMNI 
ASSOCIATION  OF 

Hon.  Joseph  Benjamin  Dimmick,  '81,  Scranton. 

NORTHWEST  (Minnesota,  Iowa,  North  Dakota,  South  Dakota,  Montana, 
and  part  of  Washington),  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF  THE 

Wilbur  Franklin  Booth,  '84,  69  South  llth  st.,  Minneapolis. 

John  Kaymond  Mitchell,  '89  S.,  Capitol  National  Bank  Bldg.,  St. 

Paul. 
PHILADELPHIA,  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

Thomas  DeWitt  Cuyler,  '74,  Arcade  Bldg.,  Philadelphia. 

Noah  Haynes  Swayne,  2d,  '93,  Pennsylvania  Bldg.,  Philadelphia. 
PITTSBURGH,  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

Edwin  Whittier  Smith,  '78,  Carnegie  Bldg.,  Pittsburgh. 
RHODE  ISLAND,  YALE  ASSOCIATION  OF 

William  Lansing  Hodgman,  '76,  66  South  Main  st.,  Providence. 
SOUTHEASTERN  FEDERATION  OF  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATIONS  (Tennessee, 
Alabama,  Georgia,  South  Carolina,  and  Savannah) 

William  Josiah  Tilson,  '94,  Atlanta  National  Bank  Bldg.,  Atlanta. 
SOUTHERN  CALIFORNIA,  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

William  Lamed  Thacher,  '87,  Thacher  School,  Nordhoff. 
ST.  Louis,  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

Edward  Hidden,  '85,  St.  Louis  Club,  St.  Louis. 

Thomas  Henry  West,  Jr.,  '96  S.,  401  Locust  st.,  St.  Louis. 
WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

George  Xavier  McLanahan,  '96,  Union  Trust  Bldg.,  Washington. 

James  Herron  Hopkins,  Jr.,  '04,  1324  18th  st.,  Washington. 
WESTERN  MASSACHUSETTS,  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

Jonathan  Barnes,  '85,  423  Main  st.,  Springfield. 
WISCONSIN,  YALE  ALUMNI  ASSOCIATION  OF 

James  Greeley  Flanders,  '67,  161  Prospect  st.,  Milwaukee. 


THIS  BOOK  IS  DUE  ON  THE  LAST  DATE 
STAMPED  BELOW 

AN  INITIAL  FINE  OF  25  CENTS 

WILL  BE  ASSESSED  FOR  FAILURE  TO  RETURN 
THIS  BOOK  ON  THE  DATE  DUE.  THE  PENALTY 
WILL  INCREASE  TO  SO  CENTS  ON  THE  FOURTH 
DAY  AND  TO  $1.OO  ON  THE  SEVENTH  DAY 
OVERDUE. 


*tC  »    194! 

AHfi  1  0  19RR  4  8 

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n.  £•*,'«• 

•EC 

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AUG15S8-5! 

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LD  21-100m-7,'40  (6936s) 

YC  64353 


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